【文章內容簡介】 互保制度。推動創(chuàng)業(yè)投資發(fā)展，可設立政府引導資金，參股創(chuàng)業(yè)投資機構，吸引民間資金向中小企業(yè)投資；引導和鼓勵金融機構開發(fā)適宜中小企業(yè)特點的金融產品，簡化貸款審批程序、提高對中小企業(yè)的信貸比重。加速建立風險投資機制，鼓勵符合產業(yè)政策的中小企業(yè)以股權融資、項目融資等方式籌集資金，拓寬中小企業(yè)直接融資渠道。第三，加大中小企業(yè)服務體系建設，引導和支持中小企業(yè)加強管理。行業(yè)組織應該充分發(fā)揮政府助手的作用，加大對中小企業(yè)的幫扶力度，為中小企業(yè)的快速發(fā)展提供足夠的支持。引導中小企業(yè)加強基礎管理，健全經(jīng)營機制，完善治理結構，推進管理創(chuàng)新。全面推進中小企業(yè)信息化，提升并拓展各類中小企業(yè)信息網(wǎng)站的功能，使中小企業(yè)及時、全面、準確地獲取所需的信息。第四，中小融資難的根源是銀企之間的“信息不對稱”，而最佳解決方案是構建企業(yè)資信評級體系，提供中小企業(yè)資信方面的數(shù)據(jù)能幫助銀行低成本地評估中小企業(yè)的融資風險，同時減少不對稱信息的生成。要采取市場化運作模式，如政府購買公共服務的方式，加強中小企業(yè)培訓工作，提高其經(jīng)營水平和專業(yè)技能，加快培養(yǎng)一批具有戰(zhàn)略開拓能力和現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營管理水平的企業(yè)家隊伍，以及一批掌握高、精、尖技術的技工人才。建立政府機構掌握的信息共享機制、培育征信市場、設立資信評級機構、完善相關和培育專業(yè)人才。 改善商業(yè)銀行對中小企業(yè)的金融服務銀行作為我國中小企業(yè)外部融資的主要渠道，在當前國有銀行的改革中需要重視中小企業(yè)的信貸融資。[12]首先，國有商業(yè)銀行必須觀念創(chuàng)新。應辯證地對待大、中、小企業(yè)關系，真正做到貸款行為準則以效益為中心，步出以企業(yè)規(guī)模、所有制形式作為貸款依據(jù)的誤區(qū)。對中小企業(yè)合理的資金需求應一視同仁，逐步提高中小企業(yè)信貸支持比例。按照國家的產業(yè)政策確定中小企業(yè)貸款投向，適當下放中小企業(yè)流動資金貸款審批權限，修訂企業(yè)信用等級評定標準，建立中小企業(yè)貸款的激勵機制，為中小企業(yè)營造良好的貸款環(huán)境。其次，為中小企業(yè)提供全方位的服務。銀行對中小企業(yè)提供的從企業(yè)創(chuàng)辦、生產經(jīng)營、貸款回收全過程的金融服務，包括投資、項目選擇、融資擔保、財務管理、資金運作、市場營銷等。全方位的一條龍服務，將極大地增強了客戶市場競爭力，保證了貸款的回收，降低了信貸的風險。再次，主動參與中小企業(yè)改制與重組。中小企業(yè)改制與重組是盤活沉淀在中小企業(yè)中的銀行債權的重要途徑。通過資產換置及變現(xiàn)，部分銀行貸款得以回收。此外，銀行對中小企業(yè)改制的同時培育穩(wěn)定的中小企業(yè)客戶群，實現(xiàn)銀企“雙贏”。結論中小企業(yè)不論是在發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家都是重要的經(jīng)濟成分，都是國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的一支重要力量。在我國，中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅活躍了中國特色的市場經(jīng)濟，也對我國總體經(jīng)濟轉型起到了很好的促進作用。我國中小企業(yè)融資難問題，是亟待解決的重要問題，對待中小企業(yè)融資困難這一傳統(tǒng)問題，我們不應當拘泥于傳統(tǒng)觀念的束縛，而應當以現(xiàn)代的觀點去分析它，不僅要從國家政策的角度加大傾斜力度，而且也要從企業(yè)自身的角度去尋找對策。借鑒國內、國外的良好經(jīng)驗，根據(jù)具體的實際情況，拿出可操作的具體措施并加以實施。這樣，這一傳統(tǒng)問題必將會得到良好的解決，中小企業(yè)必將達到一個發(fā)展的新境界，在社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設當中發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。中小企業(yè)作為一個弱勢群體，除了采取措施糾正自己的不足以外，還需要政府制定法律方針政策，為其創(chuàng)造一個良好的外部發(fā)展環(huán)境。中國作為占世界人口五分之一的發(fā)展中國家，如何全面建設小康社會，實現(xiàn)即定的第三步戰(zhàn)略目標，為人類做出較大貢獻，這是擺在我們面前的戰(zhàn)略任務。相信只要我們國家能夠恰當、有力的規(guī)范和引導中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，他們必將對我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展做出更大的貢獻。我國的中小企業(yè)一定會自強不息，實踐一條有中國特色的發(fā)展之路。參考文獻[1] [J].(16):8389 [2] [J].中國商界(下).2009(04):3237[3] 李鑒君,、問題及對策[J].(02):5859[4] [J].(06):4546[5] 、問題及建議[J].中國商界(上半月)．2009(12):1921[6] [J].(下):9697[7] [J].(02):5254 [8] [M].:231237[9] [M].:89[10] 梅強,、模式及政策[M].:133134[11] Hemphill, Thomas A. Sovereign wealth funds: National security risks in a global free trade environment. Thunderbird International Business Review 51(6): 551566.[12] Chareles of the impacts of bining carbon taxation and emission trading on different industry policy103(2):6971致謝非常感謝老師在我大學的畢業(yè)論文階段給自己的指導，無論是選題，還是查找資料、論文的修改以及格式的調整，王老師都在繁忙的工作中抽出時間給予了悉心的指導。在此，謹向導師表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感謝！同時，感謝所有任課老師和同學在這四年來給自己的指導和幫助，是他們教會了我專業(yè)知識，教會了我如何學習，教會了我如何做人。正是由于他們，我才能在各方面取得顯著的進步。在此向他們表示我由衷的謝意，并祝所有的老師培養(yǎng)出越來越多的優(yōu)秀人才，桃李滿天下！請刪除以下內容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝！??！ The term autism refers to a cluster of conditions appearing early in childhood. All involve severe impairments in social interaction, munication, imaginative abilities, and rigid, repetitive behaviors. To be considered an autistic disorder, some of these impairments must be manifest before the age of three. The reference book used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , also known as the DSM. The 2000 edition of this reference book (the Fourth Edition Text Revision known as DSMIVTR ) places autism in a category called pervasive developmental disorders . All of these disorders are characterized by ongoing problems with mutual social interaction and munication, or the presence of strange, repetitive behaviors,interests, and activities. People diagnosed with these disorders are affected in many ways for their entire lives. Description Each child diagnosed with an autistic disorder differs from every other, and so general descriptions of autistic behavior and characteristics do not apply equally to every child. Still, the mon impairments in social interaction, munication and imagination, and rigid, repetitive behaviors make it possible to recognize children with these disorders, as they differ markedly from healthy children in many ways. Many parents of autistic children sense that something is not quite right even when their children are infants. The infants may have feeding problems, dislike being changed or bathed, or fuss over any change in routine. They may hold their bodies rigid, making it difficult for parents to cuddle them. Or, they may fail to anticipate being lifted, lying passively while the parent reaches for them, rather than holding their arms up in return. Most parents of autistic children bee aware of the strangeness of these and other behaviors only gradually. Impairments in social interaction are usually among the earliest symptoms to develop. The most mon social impairment is a kind of indifference to other people, or aloofness, even towards parents and close caregivers. The baby may fail to respond to his or her name being called and may show very little facial expression unless extremely angry, upset, or happy. Babies with autism may resist being touched, and appear to be lost in their own world, far from human interaction. Between seven and 10 months of age, most infants often resist being separated from a parent or wellknown caregiver, but these infants may show no disturbance when picked up by a stranger. Other children with autism may be very passive, although less resistant to efforts by others to interact. However, they do not initiate social interaction themselves. Still others may attempt to engage with adults and peers, but in ways that strike others as inappropriate, or odd. In adolescence and adulthood, some of the higherfunctioning individuals with autistic disorders may appear overly formal and polite. They may react with little spon