植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)試題word版(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-04 08:38 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 upper new leaves yellow sulfur, nitrogen old leaves yellow. Nitrogen and sulfur are protein ponents, the lack of impact on the synthesis of chlorophyll are so yellow leaves, but the poor mobility of sulfur, sulfur deficiency in the new leaves appear, move the line of strong nitrogen, the nitrogen in old leaves. 狀況 ？ 答： 若 肥堆 呈干燥狀態(tài)，表示水分過(guò)少，可在堆頂打洞加水 ； 而通氣狀況可以通過(guò)翻堆進(jìn)行改良，一般堆肥前兩周應(yīng)每周翻一次 ，之后每?jī)芍芤淮巍? If the post pile was dry state, that too little water, holes in the top of the heap with water。 and aeration can be improved by turning, generally two weeks before the post should be turned once a week, then once every two weeks. 。 答： 使粗有機(jī)物質(zhì)在微生物的作用下經(jīng)過(guò)礦化和腐殖化過(guò)程而成為優(yōu)質(zhì)肥料。堆肥經(jīng)兩個(gè)階 段：前期以礦化為主，后期以腐殖化為主。 With the help of microbe, rough anic materials were transformed to quality fertilizer after mineralization and humification. The first stage dominated by mineralization and the second dominated by humification. 13．為什么葉菜比果菜含鈣量高？ 答：鈣在植物體內(nèi)是不可轉(zhuǎn)移元素，當(dāng)植株進(jìn)入生殖生長(zhǎng)期，鈣不能轉(zhuǎn)移到果實(shí)中，繼續(xù)存在于莖葉中，因此葉菜比果菜含鈣量高。 Calcium in plants is not transferable elements, when the plants into the reproductive stage, calcium can not be transferred to the fruit, continue to exist in the stems and leaves, so leafy vegetables than fruits and vegetables high in calcium. ？ 答： 普鈣在土壤中的反應(yīng) ： 普鈣具有較高的水溶性。施入土壤后，肥料溶解，向土壤溶液中釋放出磷酸根，增加施肥點(diǎn)附近的 H+濃度，增加土壤中鈣，鐵和鋁的溶解度。土壤溶液中的磷酸根離子迅速與土壤溶液中 的其他離子反應(yīng)生成難溶的化合物。一部分磷則吸附在土壤中的氧化物表面 ， 幾天后，絕大多數(shù)的可溶性磷轉(zhuǎn)化為難溶的磷化合物。隨著時(shí)間的推移，這些難溶的磷化合物會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為更難溶的物質(zhì) ， 這個(gè)過(guò)程叫做過(guò) 磷酸鈣的異成分溶解作用 。 Reactions of dissoluble P in the soil： When the dissoluble P was applied to the soil, the fertilizer dissolves and releases soluble P into the soil solution and increases H+ concentration nearby ,which will increase the solubility of Ca ,Fe and phosphates react quickly with the cations in the solution to form insoluble of the phosphorus may be adsorbed onto the oxide a few days most of the soluble P is converted into insoluble pounds into the soil .With time these may be converted into forms that are even more insoluble， The process is called the abnormal solubility of superphosphate or phosphate degradation ，如何合理使用磷肥？為什么？ 答： 水旱輪作制 “ 旱重水輕 ”的原則。 因?yàn)?在水旱輪作中，土壤經(jīng)歷著由干變濕和由濕變干的過(guò)程，水田土壤在由干變濕的過(guò)程中，漬水條件下 pH 的改變 、 水分增加 等 ，可使有效磷的含量增加，而在土壤由濕變干且冬季氣溫較低時(shí)其有效磷的含量常常降低，這就使得施在旱作上的磷肥，對(duì)后作水稻有較大的后效 ，而施在水稻上的磷肥對(duì)后茬旱作的貢獻(xiàn)較小 。 Cropping system dry lightheavy water principle. Because in the cropping system, soil experiencing from the wet and dry from the wet to dry process, dry paddy soil by the wet process, waterlogging conditions, changes in pH, moisture content increases, etc., can make available phosphorus content increased, while in the dry and wet soil from the low winter temperatures often reduce their phosphorus content, which makes the fertilizer applied in the dry, the rice was made after a larger aftereffect, and applied in rice phosphate on the contribution of dry stubble after smaller. ，是否會(huì)造成土壤板結(jié)？ 答： 會(huì)， 向土壤中過(guò)量施入鉀肥時(shí)，鉀肥中的鉀離子置換性特別強(qiáng)，能將形成土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)的多價(jià)陽(yáng)離子置換出來(lái)，而一價(jià)的鉀離子不具有鍵橋作用，土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)的鍵橋被破壞了，也就破壞了團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)，致使土壤板結(jié)。 同時(shí) 硫酸根會(huì)和土壤中的鈣離子發(fā)生反應(yīng)形成硫酸鈣 ，硫酸鈣微溶于水，所以會(huì)造成板結(jié)現(xiàn)象 。 而氯離子和鈣離子結(jié)合形成氯化鈣，易發(fā)生淋失，使土壤孔隙減少，同時(shí)土壤團(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生改變，造成板結(jié)。 Yes,was applied to the soil in excess of potash, the potassium in potassium replacement are particularly strong, able to form a granular structure of soil displace multivalent cations, and a price of potassium ions does not have a key role in the bridge, the soil aggregate structure of the key bridge have been destroyed, also destroy the granular structure, resulting in soil paction. While sulfate and the soil will react with calcium to form calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate soluble in water, it will cause paction phenomenon. The chloride ions and calcium ions bine to form calcium chloride, prone to leaching, reduced soil porosity, and soil aggregate structure also changes, resulting in paction. ？ 答： 豆科植物的根瘤固氮從寄主植物獲得碳水化合物作為能源，寄主碳水化合物供應(yīng)充足，根瘤固氮能力強(qiáng)，鉀能提高豆科作物的光合作用，增加體內(nèi)碳 水化合物含量，并能促進(jìn)碳水化合物的運(yùn)輸 ，所以充足的鉀肥供應(yīng)可以增加根瘤的固氮量。 Nitrogenfixing legume nodules obtained from the host plant carbohydrates as an energy source, an adequate supply of host carbohydrates, nodule nitrogen fixation ability, potassium can increase the legume crop photosynthesis, increasing body carbohydrate content, and can promote the transport of carbohydrates, Therefore, an adequate supply of potash can increase the amount of nitrogenfixing root nodules. ？ 答： 根系分泌的有機(jī)酸等物質(zhì)可增加難溶性物質(zhì)的溶解度。根際有較多的能源物質(zhì)，使根際微 生物活性較高，有利于難溶性養(yǎng)分的釋放 。 Root secretion of anic acids and other substances can increase the solubility of insoluble material. Rhizosphere have more energy materials, microbial activity was higher in the rhizosphere is conducive to the release of insoluble nutrients. 。 答：氮磷鉀鎂，再利用能力強(qiáng)，缺素先發(fā)生在老葉 ； 鐵錳鋅，再利用能力低，缺素先發(fā)生在新葉 ； 硼和鈣，再利用能力很低，缺素先發(fā)生在生長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。 N、 P、 K、 Mg
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