食品微生物的形態(tài)學(xué)(1)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-03 10:34 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 白喉棒桿菌能夠引起人體白喉病 。 Corynebacterium : This is one of the true coryneform genera of grampositive, rodshaped bacteria that are sometimes involved in the spoilage of vegetable and meat are mesotrophs,although psychrotrophs are know， and one , cause diphtheria in humans. ? 北京棒桿菌 ? 細(xì)胞短桿或小棒狀 ， 單個(gè)或呈 “ 八 ”字排列 。 G（ ＋ ） ， 有異染色粒 ? 工業(yè)上應(yīng)用生產(chǎn)合成谷氨酸 、 賴氨酸 ? 如： 、 生產(chǎn)谷氨酸 黃桿菌屬 : 革蘭氏陰性、桿狀，在瓊脂平板上或植物中能生成黃、紅色素， 極生鞭毛，可運(yùn)動(dòng)，好氣或兼性厭氣 。有些菌株為中溫型，有些是嗜冷型，與冷藏肉制品以及冷凍蔬菜的腐敗有關(guān) 。 Flavobacterium : These gramnegative rods are characterized by their production of yellow to red pigments on agar and by their association with plants . Some are mesotrophs, and others are psychrotrophs, where they participate in the spoilage of refrigerated meats and vegetables. 交替單胞菌屬 : 革蘭氏陰性、桿狀，能運(yùn)動(dòng)，嚴(yán)格好氧。大量存在于海洋或沿海水域中、以及海洋食品中。生長(zhǎng)需要海水中較高濃度的鹽。 Alteromonas: These are marine and coastal water inhabitants that are found in and on seafoods。 all species require seawater salinity for are gramnegative motile rods that are strict aerobes. 哈夫尼菌屬： 革蘭氏陰性、桿狀，常存在于腸道中，可引起冷凍肉制品及蔬菜制品的腐敗。其 DNA 中（ G+C）的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)為 48%～ 49%。 Hafnia ： These gramnegative enteric rods are important in the spoilage of refrigerated meats and vegetable products. It has a mol% G+C content of DNA of 48~49. 考克氏菌屬： 從微球菌屬拆分出來(lái)的新屬。 DNA 中（ G+C）的摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)為 66%～ 75%。 Kocuria: A new genus split off from the genus Micrococcus. It has a mol% G+C content of DNA of 66~75. 明串珠菌屬：革蘭氏陽(yáng)性、不形成芽孢、 球狀、排列成對(duì)或成鏈狀，兼厭氣性。經(jīng)常與乳酸球菌同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，是乳酸細(xì)菌的另一個(gè)屬。過氧化氫酶陰性，異型乳酸發(fā)酵。 Leuconostoc: Along with the lactobacilli, this is another of the genera of lactic acid bacteria. These are grampositive , catalasenegative cocci that are heterofermentative . 變形菌屬： 革蘭氏陰性、桿狀，常表現(xiàn)出多種形態(tài)， 無(wú)芽孢，周生鞭毛，運(yùn)動(dòng)性強(qiáng)，兼厭氣性，能產(chǎn)酸， 通常存在于人體或動(dòng)物的腸道內(nèi)。 有較強(qiáng)的蛋白質(zhì)分解能力 ， 是食品的腐敗菌，可引起食品中毒。 Proteus: These enteric gramnegative rods are aerobes that often display are typical of enteric bacteria in being present in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. 腸球菌屬： 菌體呈卵圓形，單個(gè)、成對(duì)或短鏈狀。該屬至少有三個(gè)種不與 D型抗血清發(fā)生反應(yīng)。 Enterococcus: They are ovoid cells that occur singly, in pairs,or in short trains. At least three species do not react with group D antisera. 腸桿菌屬 : 革蘭氏陰性， 桿狀，周生鞭毛，無(wú)芽孢 。 可引起食品腐敗， 它們是典型的人體生長(zhǎng)所需要的腸道菌 Enerobacter: These enteric gramnegative bacteria are typical of other Enterobacteriaceae relative to growth requirement 沙門氏菌屬： 革蘭氏陰性， 周生鞭毛、無(wú)芽孢 ， 能以檸檬酸鹽為唯一碳源，多數(shù)能產(chǎn)氣， 該屬的所有菌株都能存在于人體的腸胃中。 Salmonella: All members of this genus of gramnegative enteric bacteria are
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