英文質(zhì)量管理課件質(zhì)量管理_quallity_management__fundamentals_of_statistical_studies(編輯修改稿)
2024-11-15 09:01 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e in 2021 if he had fulltime status designation at any time during the year. Step 3. Construct the frame (a list of all fulltime employees). Everyone who will use the study39。s results as a basis for action must agree that the frame represents the population upon which they want to take action. Step 4. Perform secondary research (such as the examination of prepublished data) to determine how much information is already available about the problem under investigation. For example, check the Human Resources Department39。s records. Step 5. Determine the type of study to be conducted (for example, mail survey, personal interviews, analysis of units). In this example, we would analyze employee absentee cards for 2021. Step 6. Make it possible for respondents to give clear, understandable information, and/or for the researcher to elicit clear, understandable information. For example, the method for analyzing absentee cards should be clear and straightforward. Consider the problem of nonresponse. In this example, be sure no absentee cards are missing, and make sure the data gatherers know how to interpret the absentee cards. Step 7. Establish the sampling plan to be used, determine the amount of allowable error in the results, and calculate the cost of the sampling plan. At this stage, Steps 1 and 2 may need revisions due to cost considerations. For example, we may decide to draw a simple random sample of employee absentee cards using random numbers, at a cost of $1 per card, assuming an allowable error of one quarter of a day in the estimate. Step 7 requires a random sample. The result of a nonrandom sample in an enumerative study is worth no more than the reputation of the person who signs the report. Step 8. Establish procedures to deal with the nonresponses and differences between interviews, testers, inspectors, and so on. For example, be able to assess differences in collected data due to differences in the data gatherers39。 abilities. Step 9. Prepare unambiguous instructions for the data gatherers that cover all phases of data collection. Step 10. Establish plans for data handling, including format of tables, headings, and number of classes. Step 11. Pretest the datagathering instrument and datagathering instructions. Step 12. Conduct the study and the tabulations. It is critical that the study be carried out according to plans. From the gathered data, calc
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