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xxxxxxxxxx????????????質(zhì)心運動定理 —— 動量定理 External forces and centerof –mass motion 1,321..21,2232122..211,1131211..1..... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .?????????????????????NNNNNNNNNNNNFFFFFrmFFFFFrmFFFFFrm?????????????????????NNN FFFrmrmrmdtd ?????? ??????? ...)...(21221122NNNNNFFFmmmrmrmrmdtdmmm???????????????????????112122112221 )()(??????? Niimmmmm12210 ????????????? NiiNiiiNNN mrmmmmrmrmrmr112122110??????iFrmNio ???10????Center of mass motion Center of mass Total mass 在質(zhì)點動力學中,“ 質(zhì)點 ”其實就是物體的質(zhì)心 The sum of external forces When a body or a collection of body is acted on by external forces, the center of mass moves just as though all the mass were concentrated at that point and it were acted on by a force equal to the sum of the external forces on the system. 質(zhì)心運動定理 +角動量守恒 Rotational speed is controlled by variations in the body’s rotational inertia as angular momentum is conserved during a forward somersault. NNN FFFvmvmvmdtd ???????? ???????212211 )(NN FFFpppdtd ???????? ???????2121 )(???NiiFdtPd1??質(zhì)點組 (system of particles)的動量定理(微分形式):質(zhì)點組動量的時間變化率等于質(zhì)點組所受外力的矢量和。 (system of particles) NttNttttttttIIIdtFdtFdtFPP??????????????????? ?????212121221112質(zhì)點組的動量定理(積分形式):質(zhì)點組動量的改變等于質(zhì)點組在這段時間內(nèi)所受外力的沖量的矢量和。 0,0)( 120210 ????? ?? tttt ppamvmdtdp ?????? 或???NiiFF1??外022110 /)( mvmvmvmv NN????? ????動量守恒原理 外FamvmdtdP ????? ???0000 )(0?外當 F?質(zhì)心的動量守恒 質(zhì)點組的動量守恒。 質(zhì)點組的動量 質(zhì)心的動量。 內(nèi)力不可能改變質(zhì)點組的動量。 ( 注意:各分量的守恒! ) 例 (p243): 長為 l質(zhì)量為 m的軟繩,自靜止下落。開始( t=0)時,繩的下端與桌面恰相接觸,求下落過程中桌面對繩的反作用力 。 Z o l z lz ? 具體分析 (質(zhì)點組問題) ? 運動方程 (質(zhì)心運動定理) 0mamgN ??lzmzmzzzlz2/2//]2/0)[(:220??????????質(zhì)心坐標 lm /??線密度lzzv /0 ???.)(2,zlgzgz????????./)32(0 lgzla ??)./1(30 lzmgmamgN ????.3,0 mgNz ?? 時當