【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 or. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine you39。re an architect. Same question. Now imagine you39。re Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses e to mind? What you just practicedthe conscious act of wearing another selfis an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative. One great irony (諷刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we39。re creative or we aren39。t, without much of a middle ground. I39。m just not a creative person! a discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, making a ment I39。m very rightbrained. , an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陳詞濫調(diào)的) advice that urges you to believe in yourself. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on one39。s behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as eccentric poets and the other to imagine they were rigid librarians. The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to e up with as many different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas the latter had the fewest. These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a product of context and perspective. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay39。s work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of wearing another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you39。re not focused on a specific task or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of unfocus. This doesn39。t make us lazy。 it makes us human. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. You39。re making yourself more creative, and you39。re giving yourself permission to do something you39。d otherwise feel guilty about.（1）What39。s the function of the questions in paragraph 1? A.To lead in the topic.B.To make a parison.C.To state an opinion.D.To ask a favor.（2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves A.creativity is an individual characteristicB.librarians are more creative than poetsC.ordinary objects can improve creativityD.your creativity is determined by yourself（3）According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because . A.it is an act of unconscious focusB.certain brain areas begin to act togetherC.people are in a state of lazinessD.all actors employ this technique（4）If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to . A.focus on a specific taskB.believe in your own talentC.pretend to be someone elseD.turn to be rightbrained【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了如何讓自己更有創(chuàng)造力，給讀者展示了一種心理學(xué)理念173。173。心理角色扮演：遇見更有創(chuàng)造力的自己。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知作者問讀者一條褲子可以有多少種不同的用法?并讓讀者假設(shè)自己是一名建筑師，比爾蓋茨，帶水肺的潛水員，一個中世紀(jì)的騎士等等思考同樣的問題；再根據(jù)第二段”What you just practicedthe conscious act of wearing another selfis an exercise that…is essential to being creative.“可知作者接著說剛才你所練習(xí)的173。173。有意識地穿戴另一個自我的行為173。173。是一種對保持創(chuàng)造力至關(guān)重要的練習(xí)。這說明作者在第一段問這些問題就是為了引出下文中的創(chuàng)造力話題， 故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段”These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a‘product of context and perspective’. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.“可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究結(jié)果表明創(chuàng)造力不是個體特征，而是環(huán)境和視角的產(chǎn)物。每個人都可以有創(chuàng)造力，只要他或她覺得自己是一個有創(chuàng)造力的人。也就是說一個人的創(chuàng)造力是取決于自己的。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第七段中的”According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you39。re not focused on a specific task or thought.“可知據(jù)皮萊博士說，心理萬圣節(jié)之所以有效，是因為它是一種有意識的分散注意力的行為，當(dāng)你不專注于某一特定任務(wù)或思想時，大腦中一系列區(qū)域就起作用。這說明心理萬圣節(jié)有效是因為大腦的某些區(qū)域大腦協(xié)同工作，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陳詞濫調(diào)的) advice that urges you to ‘believe in yourself.’ In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己處在一個新的環(huán)境中，或者是一個全新的身份，你會感到從未有過的高效，你讓自己更有創(chuàng)造力。由此推斷所以要變得有創(chuàng)造力的話，要想象自己有一個全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一個人。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a puter or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired. Using an electronic device to answer s, listen to the news and look at Faceb