【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 on allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our selfcontrol strength has been run down.可知，正確的動機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出tap into指利用，與make use of同義。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“While muscles bee exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of selfcontrol may improve willpower strength.”可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會因運(yùn)動而疲憊不堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you39。ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will bee routine, and won39。t require making decisions at all.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個接一個的制定目標(biāo)是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項I will read an English novel every month.是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out. Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels. More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (機(jī)制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are. When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body39。s production of oxytocin, a feelgood that increases your ability to municate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one. We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you39。re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what39。s going right. Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses. （1）The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means A.stop listeningB.change one39。s mindC.sing aloudD.be crazy（2）What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A.The situations are sure to bee worse.B.Much of your thinking will be prevented.C.You will feel an urge to improve and bee better.D.You39。ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people.（3）From Paragraph 4, we can learn that A.we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feelingB.positive interactions have greater effects than negative onesC.our conversation should center on what needs improvementD.the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.Harmful NegativesB.More Positive InteractionsC.How to Be a Productive ManagerD.Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。主要講述通過一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時，積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。（1）考查猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的最好研究是建立在積極和消極互動率的基礎(chǔ)上的，這證明了盲目的積極或消極會使其他人感到沮喪或煩惱，或者干脆把不理睬。分析選項的內(nèi)容可知A項符合題意。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的中間部分“When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates （激活）conflict and defense mechanisms （機(jī)制）.” 可知，你經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維機(jī)制和激活你的防御機(jī)制。由此可判斷B項是正確的。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”可知，積極面事件的影響不如消極的影響更持久。由此判斷出D項正確。（4）考查主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時， 積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。分析選項可知B項正確?！军c(diǎn)評】科普文客觀題的解題方法1.“找”。讀完材料，審?fù)觐}干(題干不可不審清)，可根據(jù)題干確定選項的大致范圍，開始找與選項相對應(yīng)的句子，然后再進(jìn)行合理的想象、推理及判斷。有時候選項的語句散見于文章的各處，也一定找準(zhǔn)原句。2.“比”。比較時重在關(guān)注意思、關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系。有時需要統(tǒng)觀全篇，不能只盯住一處。3.“判斷”。推斷時，切不可只憑主觀臆斷，一定要找到確切的根據(jù)，找到合理的解釋。5．閱讀理解 Everest 121min Adventure/Biography/Drama Storyline: A group of climbers start their final climb to the summit of Mount Everest，the highest point on Earth. With little warning，a violent storm strikes the mountain，swallowing the adventurers... Director: Baltasar Kormakur Stars:Jason Clarke, Ang Phula Sherpa, Thomas Add to watchlist War Room 120min Drama Storyline: Tony and Elizabeth Jordan, seemingly have it allgreat jobs, a beautiful daughter, their dream home. In reality, their marriage has been a war zone. With guidance from