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Sometimes, you just can39。t help it. Maybe you39。re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. These are released in response to emotional states, explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. Humans are very plex social creatures, says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others, She says. Vingerhoets agrees, I think that the reason why humans shed tears(流眼淚)has something to do with our childhood, he says. that39。s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person. Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. In this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, he says. Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma, there is still much more to discover. It39。s surprising, she says, how much we still don39。t know.(1)In the scientists39。 opinion, crying is ________. sign of human evolution result of human kindness cause of personal growth means of relying on each other(2)The underlined phrase this ability in the last paragraph refers to the ability to ________. help wisely tears at someone emotionally to other people(3)From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________. different opinions about the causes of tears positively of the effects of tears working together to study tears learned enough about tears(4)What can be a suitable title for the text? types of tears ponents of tears science of tears opinions about tears【答案】 (1)D(2)B(3)B(4)C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,從科學(xué)的角度分析了哭的類型和哭的原因等內(nèi)容。 (1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other”可知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為哭與人類如何發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)彼此依靠有關(guān)系。故可知哭是人們互相依靠的一種方法,選D。 (2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“‘The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.’ Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention.Vingerhoets認(rèn)為淚水的主要優(yōu)勢就是你可以將淚水指向一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)。這種能力在史前發(fā)揮了作用,當(dāng)時(shí)人們生活在危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物中。淚水是獲得注意的一種更安全的方式。由此可知,this ability指將淚水指向一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)的能力,故選B。 (3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. ‘It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,’ She says. Vingerhoets agrees”可知,Lauren Bylsma和Vingerhoets都認(rèn)為淚水可以喚起別人的幫助和支持。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,他們都認(rèn)可淚水的積極作用。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解,詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查,是一篇科普類閱讀,考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息,并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進(jìn)行分析,推理,從而選出正確答案。5.閱讀理解 For top students from lowine families, the challenge of applying to colleges is particularly difficult. 1 in 4 deal with all of that—the writing, the studying, the researching and applying—pletely on their own. One approach to make this whole process easier? Pair students up with an adviser. That39。s the idea behind CollegePoint, an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual(智力的)ability. When a high school student takes a standardized test—the PSAT, SAT or ACT——and they score in the 90th percentile, and their families make less than$80, 000 a year, they get an from the program offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen, guide and answer students39。questions. Connor Rechtzigel, an adviser in Minnesota, sees the importance of his role, for research shows that lowine students are far more likely to undermatch because they don39。t think they have what it takes to get in and because many don39。t even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin, the first in his family to apply to college, think about what his ideal learning experience was. Finally, Justice narrowed in on smaller schools where he could study environmental science and made his final choice:Skidmore College in New York. He felt empowered by the process. Figuring out how to pay for college is a major part of what, CollegePoint advisers do. Nakhle, an adviser in North Carolina, is working with Hensley, an Ohio high school senior who can39。t get extra financial help from her family. They spent a lot of time paring and analyzing her financialaid award letters, which made her decision much clearer. Finally, the Ohio State University offered an option where she would pay nothing. Staying instate wasn39。t her first choice, but it was the best option for her.(1)What is the second paragraph mainly about? CollegePoint works. goal of CollegePoint. to apply for a free adviser. challenge of choosing colleges.(2)What prevents lowine students from attending proper colleges? their abilities. little about colleges. of enough learning experience. to get support from their families.(3)Why did Hensley finally choose the Ohio State University? didn39。t want to stay far from home. favorite major was provided there. would show her talents to the full. university met her financial needs.(4)What is the best title for the text? to Be a Financial Adviser for Top Students to Select Ideal Colleges Help Poor Students Apply to Suitable Colleges—a Program Helping Students Score High【答案】 (1)A(2)B(3)D(4)C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了一款幫助貧困家庭的優(yōu)秀生申請合適大學(xué)的虛擬建議程序。 (1)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段“That39。s the idea behind CollegePoint,an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual(智力的)ability. When a high school student takes a standardized test—the PSAT,SAT or ACT——and they score in the 90th perc