【正文】 internal control, internal control system is conducive to small and mediumsized enterprises gain a firm foothold in the market economy, causes the enterprise to better , that can not be optimistic, some small and mediumsized enterprise internal control is not perfect, in the market to survive very difficult, is not conducive to the development of small and mediumsized , it is imperative to research of small and mediumsized enterprise internal control, to the small and mediumsized enterprise internal control the emergence of problems are Characteristics of small and medium enterprises With the improvement of the market economy, the small and mediumsized enterprises in our country have established the internal control establish an effective internal system is helpful to achieve business objectives, to ensure the integrity of assets, to ensure the authenticity of accounting our country, the majority of small and mediumsized enterprises are private enterprises, the attitude of the person in charge of the enterprise determines its importance to the internal control system of small and medium addition, small and medium enterprises in our country are small, small scale, the staff management mechanism is not internal control principles of small and medium enterprises 21 effectiveness principle of the enterprise responsible person must pay attention to the implementation of internal control system, internal control system to monitor the effective implementation of the enterprise, otherwise perfect internal control is only in the form each contain the principle of enterprise using the method of cross examination, to allow employees to check each other work for or a work by two and more than two people together to plete, so as to prevent the emergence of problems existing in the internal control of small and medium sized enterprises 31 small and mediumsized enterprise internal control system is not perfect Now, although the small and mediumsized enterprises in the internal control system, but the internal control system is not is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: first, the phenomenon of accounting information distortion exists in small and medium some small and mediumsized enterprises did not establish a reasonable evaluation system and reward and punishment system, thus greatly reducing the staff in the implementation of internal control system of addition, most of the small and mediumsized enterprise leadership in order to achieve tax evasion, cosmetic results, directs accounting personnel to cook the to confusion in accounting, accounting information distortion , asset control is not and mediumsized enterprises in the implementation of internal control system over emphasis on money and neglect of the quality of the staff of the control, resulting in financial work has some drawbacks: the use of funds is not the one hand, small and medium enterprises over emphasis on cash, most cash is not put into the enterprise, so that the value of cash and lost their own business opportunities to lose the other hand, the small and medium enterprises disorderly use of funds, resulting in the need for funds when the case of insufficient lack of a sound credit and medium enterprises in the recovery of accounts receivable control is not strict, so that some of the accounts receivable can not be recovered in a timely manner, resulting in the recovery of funds difficult control is not small and mediumsized enterprises lack a plete inventory management system, there is a waste of inventory, capital and other , the operation of the control system is not the management, most of the small and mediumsized enterprises have not established the management mode which is suitable for the enterprise business activities, the small and mediumsized enterprises in the country39。一、中小企業(yè)內(nèi)控管理的現(xiàn)狀浙江地區(qū)中小企業(yè)很多，為浙江的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會就業(yè)作出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。企業(yè)內(nèi)控文化缺失一些中小企業(yè)不重視內(nèi)控文化建設(shè)，企業(yè)管理者素質(zhì)較低，有些雖然具備較高文化專業(yè)水平，但道德水準(zhǔn)較低，部分企業(yè)長期存在嚴(yán)重的裙帶關(guān)系，人情味、裙帶關(guān)系太重，直接影響企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制環(huán)境的優(yōu)化。但是從本質(zhì)上講，內(nèi)部控制是給企業(yè)發(fā)展保駕護(hù)航，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競爭力和生命力，是有利于企業(yè)整體健康發(fā)展。同時(shí)，公司也可以借助會計(jì)師事務(wù)所、管理咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)等外來力量，對公司開展一次專項(xiàng)審計(jì)或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估，進(jìn)行一次系統(tǒng)性的內(nèi)控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)排查。諸如內(nèi)部牽制制度、稽核制度、計(jì)量驗(yàn)收制度、財(cái)務(wù)清查制度、成本核算制度、財(cái)務(wù)收支審批制度等基本制度，或根本沒有、或有一部分但不認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。講到強(qiáng)化企業(yè)管理，企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理人員十分認(rèn)同，但談到要加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部控制，好像被蜇一樣，總認(rèn)為監(jiān)督、監(jiān)管會增加人員，增添麻煩。同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部控制執(zhí)行力的建設(shè)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)控制目標(biāo)。目前，中小企業(yè)中關(guān)鍵崗位的人才還主要依靠外聘，要善于挑選能力突出、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、具有職業(yè)精神的高端人才為己所用，充分發(fā)揮其才智。(七)加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部審計(jì)控制內(nèi)部審計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)直接對企業(yè)最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層負(fù)責(zé)，保持相對獨(dú)立性。參考文獻(xiàn)【1】1閻達(dá)五，楊有紅．內(nèi)部控制框架的構(gòu)建Ⅱ】．會計(jì)研究，2001，(02)．【2】2高林萍，齊澤明．談企業(yè)內(nèi)部會計(jì)控制制度田．會計(jì)之 友，2004，00)．【3】孫義榮．企業(yè)內(nèi)部財(cái)務(wù)控制存在問題及對策探討田．科 技信息(學(xué)術(shù)研究)。和企業(yè)文化等價(jià)值觀念的建造不同，內(nèi)部控制不僅需要使其理念深入人心，更需要在企業(yè)各階層形成一個(gè)共同的體系。從政策上看，美國COSO委員會于2013年發(fā)布了最新版的《內(nèi)部控制——整體框架》，該政策著重對中小企業(yè)的內(nèi)部控制問題進(jìn)行了研究，并在相關(guān)方面做出了導(dǎo)向性的指導(dǎo)和建議。(三)內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)階段1988年，美國會計(jì)師協(xié)會頒發(fā)了《審計(jì)準(zhǔn)則原稿第55號》，該文件中指出了內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)的概念。相比以往的內(nèi)部控制所包含的要素，企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理多出了目標(biāo)設(shè)定，事項(xiàng)識別，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)反應(yīng)三個(gè)部分，也只有更加完善的系統(tǒng)，才會促使企業(yè)在發(fā)展的道路上走得更遠(yuǎn)。本文是在對中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行歸納提煉的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀，通過規(guī)范調(diào)研、歸納、比較分析、等方法，結(jié)合中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制存在的問題，對內(nèi)部控制進(jìn)行了剖析并進(jìn)行了闡述，具體研究方法如下: 歸納法：對內(nèi)部控制的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了歸納整理，并對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的理論做了詳細(xì)分析； 比較分析法：對美國COSO委員會頒布的《內(nèi)部控制——整體框架》與我國相關(guān)政策文件進(jìn)行了比較分析，總結(jié)我國的特殊應(yīng)用環(huán)境。大多數(shù)國家都以量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行劃分，這里的“量”包括企業(yè)員工數(shù)，營業(yè)額等。因此，企業(yè)所有人往往輕視內(nèi)部環(huán)境的好壞所帶來的影響，繼而采用傳統(tǒng)的階級式和家族式管理模式，使企業(yè)的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)全部掌握在企業(yè)所有者或其親信手中，企業(yè)基層的工作者以及員工很難獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)利。大量缺乏專業(yè)文化的員工過剩，致使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程難以高效運(yùn)行。特別是家族管理，非程序化和飛規(guī)則化的時(shí)間時(shí)有發(fā)生，越權(quán)審批，非合理報(bào)銷等已是見多不怪。員工的普遍認(rèn)同、主動(dòng)參與是海爾文化的最大特色。企業(yè)管理者對內(nèi)部控制的重要性認(rèn)識不足，再加上企業(yè)自身資源和財(cái)力的牽制，企業(yè)難以花費(fèi)大量的財(cái)力，人力和時(shí)間去建設(shè)企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制的環(huán)境。企業(yè)的管理者為了節(jié)省資金，在對這種能節(jié)儉就節(jié)儉的項(xiàng)目上往往采取保守姿態(tài)，即企業(yè)寄希望于應(yīng)聘者不需要培訓(xùn)便能進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)或業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)，可現(xiàn)實(shí)卻是企業(yè)的愿望往往和應(yīng)聘者對薪酬的要求并不對等，這也是為什么中小企業(yè)缺乏高素質(zhì)專業(yè)人才的原因之一?！敝挥型獠凯h(huán)境變得公平合理，企業(yè)自身的調(diào)整也會順利很多。同時(shí)，在后續(xù)的培訓(xùn)教育中要給員工提供良好的培訓(xùn)機(jī)會。中小企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立以社會主義基本價(jià)值觀和責(zé)任感為主導(dǎo)的，倡導(dǎo)愛崗敬業(yè)，誠實(shí)守信，團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，開拓創(chuàng)新的企業(yè)文化。唐華：《我國民營企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制現(xiàn)狀及對策分析》，《集團(tuán)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究》，2007年第2期。宋蔚蔚，余迎春：《基于SWOT對我國中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制分