【正文】 with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient abuse. He says medical licensing boards must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are inpetently managed and should result in license suspension. 56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that [A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients39。s report, one of the problems in endoflife care is [A] prolonged medical procedures. [B] inadequate treatment of pain. [C] systematic drug abuse. [D] insufficient hospital care. 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 5 59. Which of the following best defines the word aggressive (line 4, paragraph 7)? [A] Bold. [B] Harmful. 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 5 頁 共 56 頁 [C] Careless. [D] Desperate. 60. Gee Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they [A] manage their patients inpetently. [B] give patients more medicine than needed. [C] reduce drug dosages for their patients. [D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients. 第三課時(shí) Passage 2 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70yearolds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to mit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious munities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has bee average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 81% of its power in upermiddleclass India pared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over。s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfunda mentalist religious leaders have e to regard scientific creationism as bad science 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 8 and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher39。s state of consciousness. 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 9 頁 共 56 頁 9. Substances abuse (Line 4, Paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that ________. [A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used [B] drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drug takers [C] alcohol andtobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine [D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous 10. The word pervasive (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________. [A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable 11. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________. [A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time. [B] exclusive use of them for social purposes [C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases [D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms 12. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________. [A] stimulants function positively on the mind [B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health [C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances [D] the three types of psychoactive substances are monly used in groups Text 4 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans39。Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Inter startup in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that e naturally with age. As a mere 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 10 頁 共 56 頁 68yearold, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have, As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people39。s lives. [B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living. 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 11 [C] death should be