【正文】 hat affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are monly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing, hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mindmanifesting) because they seemed to radically alter one39。s useless. The most obvious example is 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 10 latestage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the . spent $ billion on health care. In 20xx, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age — say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm have a duty to die and get out of the way, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Via chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O39。s remark is one of [A] strong disapproval. [B] reserved consent. [C] slight contempt. [D] enthusiastic support. 59. In contrast to the ., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care [A] more flexibly. [B] more extravagantly. [C] more cautiously. [D] more reasonably. 60. The text intends to express the idea that [A] medicine will further prolong people39。s lives. 56. What is implied in the first sentence? [A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people. [B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. [C] Americans are overconfident of their medical technology. [D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. 57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that [A] medical resources are often wasted. [B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. [C] some treatments are too aggressive. [D] medical costs are being unaffordable. 58. The author39。 life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great healthcare system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal。s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may e as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 8 頁 共 56 頁 creationism/evolution debate. 17. Creationism in the passage refers to ________. (A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe (B) a notion of the creation of religion (C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation (D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe 18. Kitcher39。 the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the past 100,000 year — even the past 100 years — our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they look at an anic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his prehension. No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond prehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us. 5. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? [A] A lack of mates. 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 6 [B] A fierce petition. [C] A lower survival rate. [D] A defective gene. 6. What does the example of India illustrate? [A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people. [B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor. 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 6 頁 共 56 頁 [C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes. [D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate. 7. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________. [A] life has been im