【正文】 rs, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may e as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is a philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The nonspecialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the 中國(guó)最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 8 頁(yè) 共 56 頁(yè) creationism/evolution debate. 17. Creationism in the passage refers to ________. (A) evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe (B) a notion of the creation of religion (C) the scientific explanation of the earth formation (D) the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe 18. Kitcher39。s lives. 56. What is implied in the first sentence? [A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people. [B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. [C] Americans are overconfident of their medical technology. [D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. 57. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that [A] medical resources are often wasted. [B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. [C] some treatments are too aggressive. [D] medical costs are being unaffordable. 58. The author39。s useless. The most obvious example is 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 10 latestage cancer care. Physiciansfrustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the . spent $ billion on health care. In 20xx, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age — say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm have a duty to die and get out of the way, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Via chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O39。 and the profit motive, operating under petitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their ines, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a marketoriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 7 relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a modity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers. which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a privateenterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also 中國(guó)最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 7 頁(yè) 共 56 頁(yè) certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 51. In Line 7, Para. 1, the desire of individuals to maximize their ines means ________. [A] Americans are never satisfied with their ines [B] Americans tend to overstate their ines [C] Americans want to have their ines increased [D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their ines 52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________. [A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production [B] consumers can express their demands through producers [C] producers decide the prices of products [D] supply and demand regulate prices 53. According tothe passage, a privateenterprise economy is characterized by ________. [A] private property and rights concerned [B] manpower and natural resources control [C] ownership of productive resources [D] free contracts and prices 54. The passageis mainly about ________. [A] how American goods are produced [B] how American consumers buy their goods [C] how American economic system works [D] how American businessmen make their profits Passage 5 Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher39。t intend their suicide.