【正文】 Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Inter startup in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that e naturally with age. As a mere 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 10 頁 共 56 頁 68yearold, I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have, As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people39。s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfunda mentalist religious leaders have e to regard scientific creationism as bad science 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡課堂電子教材系列 8 and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher39。s ruling on physicianassisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a twovolume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of endoflife care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospitalbased care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these wellmeaning medical initiatives translate into better care. Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient abuse. He says medical licensing boards must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are inpetently managed and should result in license suspension. 56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that [A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients39。s decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physicianassisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuriesold moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡課堂電子教材系列 4 foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients39。 convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful acmodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes tothe head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, that39。 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 1 頁 共 56 頁 20xx 年考研英語強化班閱讀理解教材 第一課時 概述 考研英語閱讀： 1. 重要性 2. 閱讀思路的轉(zhuǎn)變 3. 考研文章的體裁和來源 4. 考研閱讀大綱要求 第二課時 Unit 7－ Passage 1 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may bee a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any petitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world39。s God. came the reply, but sometimes he thinks he39。 pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. 中國最大的管理資料下載中心 (收集 \整理 . 部分版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 第 4 頁 共 56 頁 Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. Gee Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. It39。 pain. [B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives. [C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physicianassisted suicide. [D] patients have no constitutional right to mit suicide. 57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? [A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients39。s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapte