【正文】 9。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 24 Locus of Control: Research ? Internals are more satisfied with their jobs, earn more money, and achieve higher anizational positions. ? Internals perceive less stress, cope with stress better, and engage in more careful career planning. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 20 The FiveFactor Model of Personality: Research ? Each of the “Big Five” dimensions is related to job performance. ? Best predictors of job performance depends on the occupation. ? Conscientiousness is the strongest predictor of overall job performance across all occupations. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 16 Emotional stability/neuroticism and OB ? Persons high on emotional stability will have more effective interactions with coworkers and customers as they tend to be more clam and secure. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 12 Implications of the Interactionist Approach ? Some personality characteristics are useful in certain anizational situations. ? There is no one best personality. ? Appreciate the advantages of employee diversity. ? The importance of fit putting the right person in the right job, group, or anization. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 8 The Situational Approach ? Characteristics of the anizational setting such as rewards and punishment influence people’s feelings, attitudes and behaviour. ? Many studies have shown that situational factors such as the characteristics of work tasks predict job satisfaction. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 4 Learning Objectives (continued) 8. Explain when to use immediate versus delayed reinforcement and when to use continuous versus partial reinforcement. 9. Distinguish between extinction and punishment and explain how to use punishment effectively. social cognitive theory and discuss observational learning, selfefficacy, and selfregulation. anizational learning practices. Chapter 2 Copyright 169。Chapter 2/ Slide 1 Chapter 2 Personality and Learning Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 5 What Is Personality? ? The relatively stable set of psychological characteristics that influences the way an individual interacts with his or her environment and how he or she feels, thinks, and behaves. ? Dimensions and traits that are determined by geic predisposition and one’s longterm learning history. ? People have a variety of personality characteristics. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 9 The Interactionist Approach ? Organizational behaviour is a function of both dispositions and the situation. ? To predict and understand anizational behaviour, we need to know something about an individual’s personality and the work setting. ? This is the most widely accepted approach to anizational behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 13 The FiveFactor Model of Personality ? Five basic but general dimensions that describe personality: – Extraversion – Emotional stability/neuroticism – Agreeableness – Conscientiousness – Openness to experience Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 17 Agreeableness and OB ? Contributes to job performance in jobs that require interaction and involve helping, cooperating, and nurturing others as well as in jobs that involve teamwork and cooperation. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 21 The FiveFactor Model of Personality: Research ? The “Big Five” are related to work motivation, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. ? The “Big Five” predict job search outes and career success. ? The effects of personality on career success are relatively enduring. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 25 SelfMonitoring ? The extent to which people observe and regulate how they appear and behave in social settings and relationships. ? High selfmonitors take great care to observe and control the images that they project. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 29 SelfEsteem ? The degree to which a person has a positive selfevaluation. ? People with high selfesteem have favourable selfimages. ? People with low selfesteem have unfavourable selfimages. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 33 Positive and Negative Affectivity ? People who are high on positive affectivity (PA) experience positive emotions and moods and view the world in a positive light. ? People who are high on negative affectivity (NA) experience negative emotions and moods and view the world in a negative light. ? PA and NA are emotional dispositions that predict people’s general emotional tendencies. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 35 Positive and Negative Affectivity: Research ? NA has also been found to be related to more counterproductive work behaviours, withdrawal behaviours, and occupational injury. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 39 General SelfEfficacy: Research ? Individuals with higher GSE are better able to adapt to novel, uncertain, and adverse situations. ? Employees with higher GSE have higher job satisfaction and job performance. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 43 What is Learning? ? A relatively permanent change in behaviour potential as a result of practice or experience. ? The practice or experience that prompts learning stems from an environment that provides feedback concerning the consequences of behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 47 Increasing the Probability of Behaviour ? One of th