【正文】 A. They are beneficial when managers seek to increase the employee’s involvement in the review processB. Critics argue that selfratings are more lenientC. Research has shown that selfratings are as valid as, if not more valid than, test scoresD. They are free of most biases that other rating sources may have三、閱讀理解（每題3分，共30分）（一）The promotion and development of performance management processes by HR can make an important contribution to knowledge management, by providing for behavioral expectations which are related to knowledgesharing to be defined, and ensuring that actual behaviors are reviewed and, where appropriate, rewarded by financial or nonfinancial means. Performance management reviews can identify weaknesses and development needs in this aspect, and initiate personal development plans, which are designed to meet these needs.One starting point for the process could be the cascading of corporate core values for knowledgesharing to individuals, so that they understand what they are expected to do to support those core values. Knowledge sharing can be included as an element of a petency framework, and the desired behavior would be spelt out and reviewed. For example, positive indicators such as those listed below could be used as a basis for agreeing petency requirements and assessing the extent to which they are met. The following are examples of positive behavior in meeting petency expectations for knowledgesharing:. Is eager to share knowledge with colleagues。 Young, consultants are evaluated at performance reviews along five dimensions, one of which is their ‘contribution to and utilization of the knowledge asset of the firm’. At Bain, partners are evaluated each year on a variety of dimensions, including how much direct help they have given colleagues. best title for this article is _______________ .A. KnowledgesharingB. Performance management reviewsC. Performance management processesD. Performance management for knowledge workers2. The following are examples of positive behavior in meeting petency expectations for knowledgesharing except _______________.A. Is reluctant to share knowledge with colleagues positive steps to exchange relevant information and knowledgeC. Builds networks which provide for knowledge sharingD. Ensures as appropriate that knowledge is captured, codified, recorded and disseminated through some means of munication of the following is not mentioned by Hansen et al? _______________ .A. At Bain, direct help that partners have given colleagues will be evaluated.B. At Ernst amp。Job DescriptionPosition Department Accountable to Salary/pay grade [ ] 35 – 40 hrs/wk [ ] 20 – 35 hrs/wk [ ] less than 20 hrs/wkJob summary Responsibilities/daily tasks Qualifications Relations of the position to others in the pany一、單項選擇題1. Executives or managers who coach, advise, and encourage employees of lesser rank are called .A. prot233。sB. teachersC. mentorsD. role models26. Which of the following is an example of a wellwritten performance standard? .A. Desk clerks are expected to check out approximately fifteen customers every halfhourB. Customer service representatives should be energetic and pleasant to customersC. Resident dorm advisers should be easily accessible to studentsD. Police should respond to a call within a short period of time27. In the development of a factor parison scale, key jobs are normally ranked against all of the following factors except .A. skillB. performanceC. mental effortD. responsibility28. An incentive plan is more likely to succeed in an organization when all of the following are true except .A. employees’ morale is highB. employees believe they are being treated fairlyC. there is harmony between employees and managementD. employees believe that incentive payment are deferred29. If you were developing a performance appraisal system for individuals on international assignments, it would be best to base individual’s appraisals on information from .A. hostcountry evaluationsB. homecountry evaluationsC. both home and hostcountry evaluationsD. peer evaluations30. Human capital of a firm include the following except .A. the knowledge of a firm’s workersB. skills of a firm’s workersC. the expertise of a firm’s workersD. the behavior of a firm’s workers31. In general, in recent years the role of people in a determining a firm’s petitive advantage has .A. decreased in importance in manufacturing firms but increased in service firmsB. increased in importance in service firms but decreased in manufacturing firmsC. increased in importance in both service and manufacturing firmsD. decreased in importance in both service and manufacturing firms32. Objectives acplished through job analysis include all of the following except .A. establishing the jobrelatedness of selection requirementsB. determining the relative worth of a jobC. eliminating discrepancies between internal wag