【正文】 uage in terms of relationship between expression and content,a unit that cannot be divided into further small units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning,whether it is lexical or oly morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes,such as classroom,blackboard,snowwhite,: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are : the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme(the root or stem).: different from pounds,derivation shows the relation between roots and : the base from of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total lass of :。and also for getting things done,by means of the interaction between one person and another.. function: the use of language the provide for making links with itself and with features of the situation in which it is meaning: the central part of meaning, which contains logical,cognitive,or denotative : the core sense of a word or a phrade that relates it to phenomena in the real : a term in a contrast with denotation,meaning the properties of the entity a word : the use of language to express a propostion,meaning the properties of the entity a word : the use of anguage to express a proposition, talk about things in : the literal meaning of a word or an expression,independent of situational : is the technical name for the sameness antonymy: members of a pair in plementary antonymy are plementary to each field pletely,such as male,female, antongymy: members of this kind are gradable,such as long:short,big。thin, antonymy: a special kind of antonymy in that memembers of a pair do not constitute a positivenegative opposition,such as buy。 are instances of relational : a relation between tow words,in which the meaning of one word(the superordinate)is included in the meaning of another word(the hyponym): the upper term in hyponymy, class superordinate usually has several animal,for example,there are cats,dogs,pigs,etc, ponent: a distinguishable element of meaning in a word with two values, : a principle for sentence analysis, in which the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are restriction:semantic restrictions of the noun phrases that a particular lexical item can take, requires a human logic: also known as prepositional calculus or sentential calculus,is the study of the truth conditions for propositions:how the truth of a posite propositions and the connection between 。this process continues until only one remains effect: this effect help people recognize a word more readily when the receding words provide an appropriate context for effect: describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in in context: any conclusion drawn from a set of proposition,from something someone has said,and so includes things that,while not following logically,are implied,in an ordinary sense, a specific assumption: the reader is supposed to carry out the progresses required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word in perception:language awareness of things through the physical senses,esp, prehension: one of the three strand of psycholinguistic research,which studies the understanding of production: a goaldirected activety,in the sense that people speak and write in orde to make friends,influence people,convey information and so production: a goaldirected activity,in the sense that people speak and write in order to make friends,influence people,concey information and so ambiguity:ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings: of I saw a bat,where a bat might refer to an animal or,among others,stable tennis :general propositions used to form an overall macrostructure of the :which a assumes that the mind is structuied into separate modules or ponents,each governed by its own principles and operating independently of :the task of assigning words to parts of speech with their appropriate accidents,traditionally pupils learning lat in :whatever is seen as expressed by a sentence which makes a is a property of propositions that they have truth : is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic can be divided into cognitive psycholing uistics(being concerned above all with making inferences about the content of human mind,and experimental psycholinguistics(being concerned somehow whth empirical matters,such as speed of response to a particular word). reality: the reality of grammar, a purported account of structures represented in the mind of a opposed,in discussion of the merits of alternative grammars,to criteria of simplicity,elegance,and internal in text: packets of stored knowledge in language structure: the way in which various parts of story are arranged or process: a series of actions or events that are part of a writing or continuing petence: a speaker’s knowledge of the total set of rules,conventions, the skilled use of language in a by in the late 1960s from Chomsley’s concept of petence,in the restricted sense of knowledge of a difference: a difference in a speech between men and women is‖genden difference‖ determinism: one of the two points in SapirWhorf hypothesis, determines relativity: one of the two points in SpirWhorf hypotheis,’s no limit to the structural diversity of sexism:many differences between me and women in language use are brought about by nothing less than women’s place in of language: one of the two things in sociolinguistics,in which we want to look at structural things by paying attention to language use in a social of society。it’s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax,lexicon,and .,the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and act: the act performed in saying something