【正文】 D. government E. demographic（人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的） characteristics A 6. Which of the following consists of demographic factors, such as population density? A. technological environment B. sociocultural environment C. legalpolitical environment D. internal environment E. economic environment B 7. The __________ represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the anisation. A. petitors B. labour market C. suppliers D. customers E. government B 8. Which statement （敘述） below is correct? A. When environment is dynamic（活躍的） , uncertainty is low. B. When the environment is unstable（動(dòng)態(tài)的） , uncertainty is low. C. A dynamic environment has more uncertainty than a stable environment. D. The stability（穩(wěn)定性） of the environment does not determine the structure of the firm. E. None of the above. C 9. Research has found that a(n) __________ structure works best when anisations experience uncertainty. A. flexible （靈活的） B. mechanistic （機(jī)械 的） C. intuitive （直覺的） D. inanic E. rigid （死板的） A FILL IN THE BLANKS 1. The external anizational environment includes all elements（元素） existing outside the boundary（分界線） of the anisation that have the potential（可能性） to affect the anisation. 2. The general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects anisations indirectly. 3. The internal environment includes the sectors that conduct daytoday transactions （交易）within the anisation. 4. The labor market represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the anisation. SHORT ANSWER 1. Briefly describe the task environment and its four primary sectors. task environment includes those sectors that have a direct working relationship with the include customers,petitor,supplier,and the labor are the people and anizations in the environment who acquire goods and services from the is other anizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of are people and anizations who provide the raw materials the anization uses to produce its market is the people available for hire by the anization. （任務(wù)環(huán)境包括和團(tuán)體有正確的工作關(guān)系。 directly D. internal。 indirectly B. general。追求效益必須考慮效率，考慮效益實(shí)現(xiàn)的速度問(wèn)題。效益是指做正確的事情，效率則是做事情運(yùn)用正確的方法。人際技能對(duì)于管理水平來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。高層管理者需要概念技能。 People lack ambition CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（ 2） TRUE/FALSE 1. The learning anization is an attitude or philosophy（哲學(xué)） about what an anization can bee. T 2. The essential idea in a learning anisation is efficiency. F 3. As a manager, Lou prefers to think in terms of ‘control over’ rather than ‘control with’ others. This is in agreement with the idea of a learning anisation. F 4. Empowerment means giving employees the power, freedom, knowledge, and skills to make decisions and perform effectively. T 5. Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, provide two opposing（相反的） views of workers: Theory X recognises that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility, while Theory Y recognises（承認(rèn)） that workers will avoid work whenever possible. F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. __________ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people. A. Legal B. Economic C. Political D. Psychological E. Social E 2. Variables（變量） such as interest rates, inflation（通貨膨脹） and trade tariffs（關(guān)稅） are all examples of _________ forces. A. technological B. political C. social D. socioeducational E. none of the above E 3. Strategy has traditionally been the sole（唯一的） responsibility of: A. middle management B. project managers （項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理） C. pany accountants D. top managers D 4. During the early twentieth century, the prevailing（普通的） management perspective（觀點(diǎn)） , which emphasised rationality（合理性） and a scientific approach, was the _________ perspective. A. scientific B. behavioural C. classical D. quantitative E. Pareto C 5. The three subfields（子域） of the classical perspective include: A. bureaucratic anisation, quantitative management, and the human relations movement B. quantitative management, behavioural science, and administrative management C. administrative management, bureaucratic anisation, and scientific management D. scientific management, quantitative management, and administrative management E. none of the above C 6. Bruce believes his employees are responsible and able to work without intense direction and supervision（管理） . He is a: A. Theory X manager B. Theory Y manager C. Theory Z manager D. contingency（偶然性） theory manager E. classical manager B SHORT ANSWER 1. Briefly discuss the relationship between management skills and management level. skills summarize in three categories:conceptual skills , human skills and technical level contains :top managers ,middle managers ,firstline managers and managers need conceptual skills,nonmanagers need technical skills,human skills is important to all management level （管理技能有三種：概念技能、人際技能、技術(shù)技能。 （ CHAPTER 1 Innovation for turbulent time（ 1） TRUE/FALSE 1． Management is often considered universal（通用的） because it uses anizational resources to acplish goals and attain（達(dá)到） high performance in all types of profit and notforprofit anizations. T 2． Leadership involves the use of influence to motivate（刺激） employees to achieve the anisation’s goals. T 3． Organising means defining（明確） goals for future anisational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources needed to attain them. F 4. Efficiency refers to the degree to which th