【正文】 中，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子有錯(cuò)題，可讓家長幫助孩子找到錯(cuò)誤的原因，再訂正到糾錯(cuò)本上。計(jì)算教學(xué)是一個(gè)長期復(fù)雜的教學(xué)過程，只要我們善于做計(jì)算教學(xué)的有心人，就能有效地提高學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力，為學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)插上騰飛的翅膀。它是一個(gè)日積月累的過程，只有教師和學(xué)生的共同努力才有可能見到成效。怎樣讓學(xué)生熟練掌握各種運(yùn)算的運(yùn)算法則呢？教師在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中應(yīng)做好以下三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)：搞清算理，學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下，通過合作討論，互相交流的方式，按照運(yùn)算意義一步一步地歸納出運(yùn)算法則。注重糾錯(cuò)，教師要注意收集學(xué)生在各類計(jì)算中出現(xiàn)的各種錯(cuò)誤，加以分類剖析，可精心制作出一定數(shù)量的、帶有各種計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤的試題卡，分發(fā)給每位學(xué)生，讓他們把題卡上的錯(cuò)誤逐一更正，同時(shí)向全班說明每道試題的錯(cuò)誤所在和產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的具體原因，有時(shí)學(xué)生犯的錯(cuò)誤經(jīng)老師指正后，再過一段時(shí)間他們又犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，遇到這種情況時(shí)，教師千萬不能急躁，要耐心疏導(dǎo)他們，幫助他們克服學(xué)習(xí)中的各種困擾。三、切實(shí)加強(qiáng)學(xué)生口算訓(xùn)練在課堂中，一般采取下列步驟進(jìn)行口算訓(xùn)練；先讓學(xué)生先口算出結(jié)果。最后教師對(duì)口算方法給予解釋和強(qiáng)調(diào)。四、善于采取簡便算法有些數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算試題具有明顯的形式和數(shù)字構(gòu)造特征，這些特征正是我們施展簡便算法的大好機(jī)會(huì)，通過一定數(shù)量的簡便算法練習(xí)，不但提高了學(xué)生的觀察能力和分析能力，逐步強(qiáng)化了學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算的技巧和快捷性，而且還給學(xué)生帶來了快樂的精神享受，這對(duì)激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)興趣大有裨益。我覺得計(jì)算能力是每個(gè)人必備的一項(xiàng)基本功，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力也是小學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，是學(xué)生學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的重要基礎(chǔ)。In teaching in the elementary school lower grade calculation, accounts for a considerable proportion of students the most errorprone and puting, especially with the advent of the era of puter, puting capacity is often ignored by many think puting capability is a basic skills essential to everyone, to cultivate the students39。心算好，腦子里能盤算的問題就多，隨時(shí)隨地都能想問題。數(shù)感，它同音樂的“樂感”、美術(shù)的“美感”一樣，學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)就得有“數(shù)感”。Number sense, it with the music of the “music” and “beauty” of art, maths has “number sense”.In the teaching, lets the student to observe, from the view of mathematics understanding things around, using mathematical concepts and language to reflect and describe the problem of social production and life, bined with the concrete facts of life to teaching mathematics knowledge, let students experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in the life mathematics, with positive attitude in learning, experience the “number sense”.強(qiáng)化口算。如：360247。9247。2=20，在這個(gè)簡算的過程中，運(yùn)用了三項(xiàng)口算。因此，要提高小學(xué)生的計(jì)算能力，就必須從強(qiáng)化口算能力抓起，把口算訓(xùn)練當(dāng)作一項(xiàng)常規(guī)工作來抓。s puting power, it must grab from strengthening oral ability, oral training as a routine particular way is:（1）每天利用35分鐘時(shí)間訓(xùn)練口算。(1)using 35 minutes daily oral the teaching, I every day in the classroom use of 35 minutes oral training, or ShiSuan or listen to calculate, or, in the case of a homework to copy one or two off type calculation problem, marking and feedback in time every day, gradually improve the students39。像20以內(nèi)的加減法、表內(nèi)乘法、120的平方數(shù)等，都要求學(xué)生熟記，達(dá)到脫口而出的程度。如：一個(gè)數(shù)與“11”相乘，“兩邊一拉，中間一加，滿十向前一位進(jìn)一”；一個(gè)數(shù)與2125相乘，都可以運(yùn)用巧算方法：(2)memory and some monly used data coincidence counting addition and subtraction, multiplication table within 20, 120 square number, etc., require students to memorize and to the point of blurt the same time, often teach students some clever calculate way, also can make its calculation speed is greatly as: is multiplied by a number from “11”, “on both sides of a pull, a middle, ten a into a” forward。210* 24 present 2 * 5 = 1032425=324247。81000+125409 * 125 = 408 * 125 + 125 = 408 present 8 x 1000 + 125還有一些除法試商法：差數(shù)試商法、同頭無除商八九法（當(dāng)被除數(shù)和除數(shù)最高位上的數(shù)字相同時(shí)，俗稱“同頭”，被除數(shù)的前幾位比除數(shù)小，且除數(shù)與被除數(shù)次高位上的數(shù)的差不超過最高位時(shí)，可直接用八與九試商）、中數(shù)試商法、折半試商法等等，這些都是學(xué)生快算所必須掌握的基本方法。記得一位心理學(xué)家說過：首次感知新知識(shí)時(shí)，進(jìn)入大腦的信息可以有受前攝抑制的干擾，能在學(xué)生的大腦皮層留下深刻的印象。因此，教師必須充分備課，選擇最優(yōu)方案，以期達(dá)到良好的教學(xué)效果。 brain if the first perception is not accurate, the adverse consequences in the short term is difficult to , the teacher must fully preparation, select the optimal scheme, in order to achieve good teaching ，要提倡算法多樣化。提倡算法多樣化，也要注意方法的優(yōu)化，對(duì)于學(xué)生想出的每一種正確方法都給予肯定，說服學(xué)生放棄自己的落后繁瑣觀點(diǎn)，去遵循優(yōu)秀、簡潔的方法，這樣才能使自己的思維能力不斷提高。In students is clear, on the basis of to promote diversity algorithm isn39。t know why”, at the same time cultivate students39。如一個(gè)房間的大小、從家到學(xué)校的距離、某樓房的高度、有經(jīng)驗(yàn)有漁民判斷某片水域里魚的數(shù)量等。同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)估算，可以加深學(xué)生對(duì)數(shù)字的認(rèn)識(shí)，促進(jìn)數(shù)感的培養(yǎng)，增強(qiáng)應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)的意識(shí)，提高解決實(shí)際問題的能力。t get or there is no need to get the precise result or judgment, is employed to estimate as the size of a room, the distance from home to school, a building height, experienced fishermen who judge a number of fish in the water, to the cultivation of students39。 thinking more flexible, but also for the cultivation of the students39。在實(shí)際計(jì)算中，根據(jù)情況把兩個(gè)數(shù)同時(shí)估大或同時(shí)估小，或一個(gè)估大一個(gè)估小，以便口算為宜。如：1, the approximate the actual calculation, according to the number two at the same time fo