【正文】 ? The FOB term is not appropriate for use where goods are handed over to the carrier at a point other than the ship’ s rail, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal, or for loading on a rollon/rolloff or LASH ship. In such situations, the FCA term should be used. ? 不同點： FAS FOB – 交貨點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 (碼頭或駁船 ) – 風險點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 – 費用點：裝運港船邊 裝運港船上 ? 程租船運輸方式下，采用 FOB術語成交，應明確卸貨費用由何方負責。 FOB Under Tackle；FOB Stowed。 ? FAS – 明確規(guī)定 loading point at the shipment(如具體港區(qū)），因各港口的 handling charge水平差異很大 ? FOB賣方責任 – 賣方必須在指定的裝運港，于買方指明的裝載地點（如有的話）將貨物放置于買方指定的船上，或取得已如此于交付的貨物作為交貨。 – （ A4 交貨 The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either cases, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.) – 賣方負擔貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險，直至貨物已如 A4規(guī)定交付為止。（ A6 費用劃分 The seller must pay all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6 FOB術語買方責任 ? 買方須承擔風險和費用 – 未向賣方通知指定的船舶（ fails to give notice of nomination of vessel) – 指定的船舶未及時抵港（ the vessel nominated by the buyer fails to arrive on time） – 到港船舶無法安排裝運（ unable to take the goods） – 到港船舶提前截艙（ closes for cargo earlier than the time notified） 美國《對外貿易定義修正本》： FASFree Along Side ? FAS vessel ? FOB vessel ? 出口清關 買方負責 FCA與 FOB術語的比較 FCA? （ named place of delivery） 貨交承運人（ ?? 指定交貨地） ? Free Carrier ? 在《 80通則》及此前的通則中代號為 FRC； ? 《 90通則》改動最大的術語是 FCA； ? 《 2023通則》也對 FCA作了較大的修改； ? “ Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or anther person nominated by the buyer at the seller’ s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery , as the risk passed to the buyer at that point. 在集裝箱運輸時，根據(jù)貨物裝箱方式的不同，分為： 整箱貨（ FCL－ Full Container Load） 拼箱貨（ LCL－ Less than a Container Load） FCL賣方自行裝箱，并在其所在地（工廠 /倉庫）將集裝箱交給承運人，或將集裝箱交給集裝箱堆場（ CY－ Container Yard）的貨物承運人 。 LCL → CFS ↗ 賣方所在地（工廠 /倉庫） FCL ↘ CY ╲ 船 /運輸工具 ╱ LCL → CFS ? seller’ s primary duty – deliver the goods at the named point – provide evidence of delivery of the goods to the carrier – arrange export clearance ? buyer’ s primary duty – nominate carrier – contract for carriage 適用的運輸方式 ―― 各種運輸方式，包括各種單一的運輸方式和多式聯(lián)運； 訂立運輸合同，支付運費 ―― 買方負責 – 根據(jù)《 2023通則》，如果買方要求，或者根據(jù)商業(yè)慣例，且買方未在適當時間給予相反指示，則賣方可按照通常的條件訂立運輸合同，但費用和風險由買方承擔；無論何種情況，賣方均可拒絕訂立運輸合同，如果拒絕，應及時通知買方。 2023》： ? 1） 如指定交貨地點是賣方所在處所，當貨物裝上買方提供的運輸工具上時，即履行了交貨義務 . 交貨地點 賣方所在處所（工廠、倉庫）買方指定的運輸工具上 （ 2) 在其他情況下（不在賣方所在地，在其他任何地點，通常是買方指定承運人所在地，如承運人收貨處），當貨物放置于賣方的運輸工具上準備卸載，交付給買方指定的承運人時，即履行了交貨義務。 2023” FCA 上海鐵路局收貨處； FCA 上海浦東國際機場東方貨運有限公司收貨處； FCA 上海張華浜碼頭錦海集裝箱有限公司收貨處； ?承運人（ carrier） 是與其訂立運輸合同的一方。 風險轉移點 ―― 貨交承運人處置處 費用劃分點 ―― 貨交承運人處置處 ?《 INCOTERMS 2023》的一個實質性變更：明確了 FCA術語項下當貨物交付至買方指定承運人時的裝貨和卸貨義務。 如果指定地點是在其他任何地點，則當貨物在賣方的運輸工具上，尚未卸貨而交給買方指定的承運人或其代理人處置時，這時卸貨義務是買方，有關費用由買方承擔。也可以是電子單據(jù)。 運輸單據(jù) ? FOB已裝船、清潔提單； ? FCA據(jù)不同的運輸方式而定，通常是備運單據(jù)； ( 3) CFR、 CIF、 CPT、 CIP ? 為主運費已付術語（ Main Carriage Paid） – 賣方訂立運輸合同，支付運費；其中 CIF、 CIP術語由賣方辦理貨物運輸保險，支付保險費； ? 屬裝運合同 (shipment contract)； – 賣方在合同規(guī)定的裝運港 /地將貨物交付至船上或承運人，即履行了交貨義務。 2023》強調： – 在 CPT、 CIP、 CFT、 CIF條件下，當賣方將貨物交付給承運人或裝上船時，賣方即履行其交貨義務，而不是貨物到達目的地。 CFR與 CIF的比較 CIF(?named port of destination) 成本加保險費、運費（ ?? 指定目的港） ? “ Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already delivered, at the port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel. The seller must contract for any pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’ s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. ? seller’ s primary duty – contract for carriage and insurance – deliver the goods ， or procure goods delivered, on board the vessel – provide a clean transport document (B/L or Seaway Bill) and a cargo insurance policy or certificate – arrange export clearance – pay unloading costs if for his account under the contract of carriage ? Buyer primary duty – accept delivery of the goods upon shipment – receive the goods from the carrier – pay such costs as are not for the seller’ s account under the contract of carriage CFR?(named port of destination) 成本加運費 ? （指定目的港） ? “ Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel at the port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods on board the vessel. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. ? seller’ s primary duty – contract for carriage – deliver the goods or procure goods delivered, on board the vessel – provide a clean transport document(B/L or Seaway Bill) – arrange export clearance – pay unloading costs if for his account under the contract of carriage ? Buyer primary duty