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貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)及有關(guān)的國(guó)際慣例-免費(fèi)閱讀

  

【正文】 ? “ Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. ? If the carriage is international, the DAP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import or to pay any import duty or for any customs formalities. ? 適用的運(yùn)輸方式 — 任何運(yùn)輸方式,包括多式聯(lián)運(yùn)) ? 交貨點(diǎn) — 指定目的地(運(yùn)輸工具上備妥待卸貨物交付給買方處置) ? 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn) 指定目的地(運(yùn)輸工具上備妥待卸貨物交付給買方處置) ? 費(fèi)用點(diǎn) 指定目的地(運(yùn)輸工具上備妥待卸貨物交付交付給買方處置,卸貨費(fèi)由買方負(fù)責(zé)) ? 出口清關(guān) — 賣方 ? 進(jìn)口清關(guān) — 買方 ? 如根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同,由賣方負(fù)責(zé)卸貨費(fèi),則賣方不能向買方索回該卸貨費(fèi)。 ? 運(yùn)輸單據(jù) ? CFR、 CIF―― 可轉(zhuǎn)讓的、已裝船、清潔提單; ? CPT、 CIP―― 根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)輸方式而定,通常是備運(yùn)單據(jù); ? 進(jìn)口采用 CFR、 CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)應(yīng)慎重 – 欺詐( fraud) ( 4) DAT、 DAP、 DDP ? DAT Delivered At Terminal(新增) ? DAP Delivered At Place(新增) ? DDP Delivered Duty Paid ? 原 D組的 DAF、 DES、 DEQ和 DDU取消,以 DAT、DAP取代 ? 按 D組術(shù)語(yǔ)成交的合同 , 屬到達(dá) /到貨合同 ( arrival contract) 。” ? The CIF/CFR term is not appropriate for use where goods are handed over to the carrier at a point other than the ship’ s rail, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at an inland terminal, or for loading on a rollon/rolloff or LASH ship. In such circumstances, the CIP/CPT term should be used. CPT與 CIP術(shù)語(yǔ)的比較 CPT…(named place of destination) 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至 …… (指定目的地) CPT是《 80通則》增加的術(shù)語(yǔ) , 原代號(hào)為 DCP,《 90通則》改為 CPT; 英文全稱: Carriage Paid to …named place of destination CPT價(jià) =FCA價(jià)+運(yùn)費(fèi) ? “ Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and the seller must contract for or pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination. ? If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not a agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (., at an ocean port or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. ? seller’ s primary duty – contract for carriage – deliver the goods to the (first) carrier – provide a usual and clean transport document – arrange export clearance – pay loading costs – pay unloading costs if for his account under the contract of carriage ? Buyer primary duty – accept delivery of the goods when they have been delivered to the carrier – receive the goods from the carrier – pay such costs as are not for the seller’ s account under the contract of carriage CPT術(shù)語(yǔ)是指賣方負(fù)責(zé)訂立運(yùn)輸合同 ( 洽租運(yùn)輸工具 ) , 支付將貨物運(yùn)至指定目的地的運(yùn)費(fèi) 。上訴法院駁回上訴。 ? 通常采用貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的變形, – 如 CIF Liner Terms ; CIF Landed; CFR ex Ship’ s Hold等; – 提交載明目的港的通常運(yùn)輸單據(jù) — 可轉(zhuǎn)讓、已裝船、清潔提單 ? 此單據(jù)必須( CFR\CPT\CIP相同): 載明合同貨物,其日期是在約定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi); 使買方可以在目的港向承運(yùn)人提取貨物; 除非另有約定,應(yīng)使買方或以通過轉(zhuǎn)讓單據(jù)(可轉(zhuǎn)讓提單)或通過通知承運(yùn)人,向其后手出售運(yùn)輸途中的貨物。也可以是電子單據(jù)。 2023》: ? 1) 如指定交貨地點(diǎn)是賣方所在處所,當(dāng)貨物裝上買方提供的運(yùn)輸工具上時(shí),即履行了交貨義務(wù) . 交貨地點(diǎn) 賣方所在處所(工廠、倉(cāng)庫(kù))買方指定的運(yùn)輸工具上 ( 2) 在其他情況下(不在賣方所在地,在其他任何地點(diǎn),通常是買方指定承運(yùn)人所在地,如承運(yùn)人收貨處),當(dāng)貨物放置于賣方的運(yùn)輸工具上準(zhǔn)備卸載,交付給買方指定的承運(yùn)人時(shí),即履行了交貨義務(wù)。 ? FAS – 明確規(guī)定 loading point at the shipment(如具體港區(qū)),因各港口的 handling charge水平差異很大 ? FOB賣方責(zé)任 – 賣方必須在指定的裝運(yùn)港,于買方指明的裝載地點(diǎn)(如有的話)將貨物放置于買方指定的船上,或取得已如此于交付的貨物作為交貨。 Bbuyer’ s obligation) – 例如: A1 賣方的一般義務(wù) (General obligations of the seller) – B1 買方的一般義務(wù) (General obligations of the buyer) 三、《 Incoterms 174。2023》 未涉及的問題 – 貨物所有權(quán)和其他產(chǎn)權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移; – 違約及違約行為的后果; – 某些情況下的免責(zé)(如不可抗力的免責(zé)); – 一方為其本身是否應(yīng)做某項(xiàng)事; – 貨物將怎樣送達(dá)至指定的交貨點(diǎn); – 買方收到貨后如何處置貨物 ? FOBA3 Contracts of carriage and insurance ? a)Contract of carriage There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. ? b) Contract of insurance There is no obligation owed by the seller to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However, the seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance. ? B3 Contracts of carriage and insurance ? a) Contract of carriage The buyer must contract at its own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment. b) Contract of insurance There is no obligation owed by the buyer to the seller to make a contract of insurance ? 本合同受 Incoterms 174。 B9inspection of goods ) – 賣方必須支付為完成交貨所需核對(duì)(如核對(duì)品質(zhì)、丈量、過磅、計(jì)數(shù)〕的費(fèi)用; – 買方必須支付任何裝運(yùn)前的檢驗(yàn) (PSI preshipment of inspection)費(fèi)用,出口國(guó)當(dāng)局強(qiáng)制檢驗(yàn)者除外; – 貨物進(jìn)出口安檢通關(guān)義務(wù) (A B2-Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities) ? 海關(guān)手續(xù) – 為遵守任何適用的海關(guān)規(guī)定所需滿足的要求,包括各類單證、安全、信息或?qū)嵨餀z驗(yàn)的義務(wù)。 貨物由賣方交付給買方過程中所涉及的問題 , 主要表現(xiàn)為: 事務(wù)的辦理 ( tasks) 費(fèi)用的支付 ( costs) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承擔(dān) ( risks) 交貨點(diǎn) ( point of delivery) 出口國(guó) 進(jìn)口國(guó) (二)貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義 貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)是指用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的概念 ,例如 “ Free On Board” , 或三個(gè)字母的縮寫 , 例如 “ FOB” , 來說明買賣雙方有關(guān)事項(xiàng) 、 費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任劃分 , 確定賣方交貨和買方接貨方面各自應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)和商品價(jià)格的構(gòu)成 。 ? 賣方必須自付費(fèi)用包裝貨物,但在特定貿(mào)易中運(yùn)輸此類貨物無(wú)需包裝的情況除外。 ? AEO制度的基本內(nèi)涵 – 海關(guān)以企業(yè)為基本合作對(duì)象,通過海關(guān)為守法、安全的企業(yè)提供最大化的通關(guān)便利,建立合作伙伴關(guān)系,達(dá)到互利雙贏的目的。 2023》 ? 不自動(dòng)適用; ? 不替代合同,不高于法律; ? 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)男g(shù)語(yǔ); ? 明確交貨點(diǎn) – 可用于國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易 – 使用指南( Guidance Note) ? 每個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的背景、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用基本概況; ? 僅是解釋性說明,不是術(shù)語(yǔ)的組成部分 ? 電子通訊( Electronic Communication) – 電子單據(jù)可替代所有紙質(zhì)單據(jù) ? 保險(xiǎn) – 新修訂的 ICC條款( 2023年); – 互供保險(xiǎn)信息( Information Duty) ? 與清關(guān)所需的安全信息責(zé)任 ? 鏈?zhǔn)浇灰祝?String Sales) – 初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的路貨交易( sell/buy afloat) – 在交易鏈中的賣方( subsequent buyer),其交貨不再是 ship the goods on board,而是procure goods shipped(通常憑指示提單) – 試圖滲透?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)上由 SOGA控制的大宗初級(jí)產(chǎn)
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