【正文】 same or another performance is separately promised to one or more of them.如果一個合同中不只有一個允諾，則部分或全部的允諾人可以一個單位作出允諾，不管相同或另外的履行義務(wù)是否被單獨(dú)地對一個或一個以上的允諾人允諾。167。A contract may be formed between two or more persons acting as a unit and one or more but fewer than all of these persons, acting either singly or with other persons. 在由兩個或兩個以上的人共同代表的一個單位和這些人中的一個或部分多數(shù)之間可以締結(jié)合同，這些人可以單獨(dú)地或者同他人一起行事。167。是否享有部分締約能力以及是否就某一特定交易享有 締約能力取決于該交易的本質(zhì)或者其他一些情況。(2) A natural person who manifests assent to a transaction has full legal capacity to incur contractual duties thereby unless he is一個自然人如果就某項(xiàng) 交易作出同意的意思表示，則該自然人享有完全合法的創(chuàng)設(shè)合同義務(wù)的締約能 力，除非該自然人是(b) an infant, or為成年人，或(d) intoxicated. 醉酒者。167。14. Infants未成年人Unless a statute provides otherwise , a natual person has the capacity to incur only voidable contractual duties until the beginning of the day before the person’s eighteenth birthday.除非法令另有規(guī)定，自然人在18 歲生日之前只具有創(chuàng)設(shè)可撤消合同義務(wù)的行為能力。167。(a) he is unable to understand in a reasonable manner the nature and consequences of the transaction, or他不能以正常方式理解此項(xiàng)交易的性質(zhì)以及會產(chǎn)生的后果，或者在這種情況下，法院可以依公平正義之需判決給與當(dāng)事人救濟(jì)。167。(b) he is unable to act in a reasonable manner in relation to the transaction, 他不能像正常人那樣從事此項(xiàng)交易。Chapter 3 FORMATION OF CONTRACTSMUTUAL ASSENT第三章 合同的訂立——意思表示一致17. Requirement of a Bargain交易磋商的條件(1) Except as stated in Subsection (2), the formation of a contract requires a bargain in which there is a manifestation of mutual assent to the exchange an d a consideration.除(2)小節(jié)的規(guī)定外，合同的訂立要求當(dāng)事人就允諾與允諾、允諾與義務(wù)履行、以及義務(wù)履行之間的交換和約因意思表示一致。(2) Whether or not there is a bargain a contract may be formed under special rules applicable to formal contracts or under the rules stated in 167。8294.合同可以依據(jù)適用于正式合同中的特殊規(guī)則或依據(jù)167。8294 中的規(guī)則訂立，不管有沒有交易磋商。TOPIC 2, MANIFESTATION OF ASSENT IN GERNERAL主題二 意思表示的一般條款167。19. Conduct as Manifestation of Assent依意思表示實(shí)施的行為(1) The manifestation of assent may be made wholly or partly by written or spoken words or by other acts or by failure to act.意思表示可以完全或部分地通過書面或口頭、或其他作為或不作為作出。(2) The conduct of a party is not effective as a manifestation of his assent unless he intends to engage in the conduct and knows or has reason to know that the other party may infer from his conduct that he assents.一方當(dāng)事人以行為作出的意思表示是無效的，除非他有意實(shí)施這一行為，并且知道或有理由知道他方當(dāng)事人可以從他的行為中推斷出他有此締約意思。(3) The conduct of a party may manifest assent even though he does not in fact assent. In such cases a resulting contract may be voidable because of fraud, mistake, or other invalidation cause.一方當(dāng)事人的行為可以作為意思表示，雖然事實(shí)上他并沒有此締約意思。20. EFFECT OF MISUNDERSTANDING誤解的效力 (1) There is no manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange if the parties attach materially different meanings to their manifestations and如果當(dāng)事人就他們的意思表示賦予了實(shí)質(zhì)上不同的理解，并且有如下情況存在時，則表明他們就磋商的交換沒有達(dá)成一致： or雙方當(dāng)事人任一方都不知道或沒有理由知道對方的意思表示所賦予的含義；或任一當(dāng)事方知道或有理由知道對方的意思表示所賦予的含義。(2) The manifestations of the parties are operative in accordance with the meaning attached to them by one of the parties if一方當(dāng)事人可以依據(jù)該意思表示所指的含義執(zhí)行該意思表示，如果 or該當(dāng)事人不知道另一方當(dāng)事人所指的不同含義，而另一方當(dāng)事人知道第一方 當(dāng)事人所指的含義。(b) that party has no reason to know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other has reason to know the meaning attached by the first party.該當(dāng)事人沒有理由知道另一方當(dāng)事人所指的不同含義， 而另一方當(dāng)事人有理由知道第一方當(dāng)事人所指的含義。167。22. Mode of Assent: Offer and Acceptance合意的模式： 要約與承諾(1) The manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange ordinarily takes the form of an offer or proposal by one party followed by an acceptance by the other party or parties.雙方當(dāng)事人就交換達(dá)成合意的意思表示通常是由一方當(dāng)事人提出要約或提議，然后由另一方當(dāng)事人或另一方多數(shù)當(dāng)事人作出承諾。(2) A manifestation of mutual assent may be made even though neither offer nor acceptance can be identified and even though the moment of formation cannot be determined. 即使要約和承諾都無法被識別，并且合同成立的時間也無法確定，雙方當(dāng)事人也可以作出合意的意思表示。167。It is essential to a bargain that each party manifest assent with reference to the manifestation of the other.任何當(dāng)事人作出意思表示都應(yīng)參考對方的意思表示，這一點(diǎn)對交易磋商很重要。TOPIC 3. MAKING OF OFFERS 主題三 要約的發(fā)出24. Offer Defined要約的定義An offer is the manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain, so made a s to justify another person in understanding that his assent to that bargain is invited and will conclude it. 要約就是以交易磋商為目的而為意思表示，使得他人合理地認(rèn)為該意思表示被邀請并且該交易將要進(jìn)行。167。26. Preliminary Negotiations訂約前之商議A manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain is not an offer if the person to whom it is addressed knows or has reason to know that the person making it does not intend to conclude a bargain until he has made a further manifestation of assent.如果意思表示所指向的人知道或有理由知道作出意思表示的當(dāng)事人在作出進(jìn)一步的意思表示之前并沒有意圖達(dá)成交易，則該以締結(jié)合同為目的的意思表示并不屬于要約。167。Manifestations of assent that are in themselves sufficient to conclude a contract will not be prevented from so operating by the fact that the parties also manifest an intention to prepare an adopt a written thereof。(1) At an auction, unless a contrary intention is manifested,在拍賣時，除非有相反的意思表示，拍賣人向所有連續(xù)的出價人發(fā)出要約邀請，出價人可以承諾或拒絕；如果拍賣標(biāo)的實(shí)行無保留低價拍賣，則拍賣人應(yīng)發(fā)出要約，將拍賣標(biāo)的以任何價格賣給出價最高者，在拍賣人將標(biāo)的拍賣后，拍賣人不得撤回其無保留 低價之拍賣標(biāo)的，除非在合理的時間內(nèi)無人競買；29. To Whom an Offer is Addressed要約所指向的對象(1) The manifested intention of the offeror determines the person or persons in whom is created a power of acceptance.要約人的意思表示決定了有權(quán)作出承諾的人。(2) An offer may create a power of acceptance in a specified person or in one or more of a specified group or class of persons, acting separately or together, or in anyone or every one who makes a specified promise or renders a specified performance.要約可以在一個明確的人或一個或多個明確的、單獨(dú)或集體行動的群體或團(tuán)體之中，或者也可以在作出明確允諾或?qū)嵤┟鞔_義務(wù)的任何人之中創(chuàng)設(shè)一種承 諾的權(quán)利。30. FORM OF ACCEPTANCE (1) An offer may invite or require acceptance to be made by an affirmative answer in words, or by performing or refraining from performing a specified act, or may empower the offeree to make a selection of terms in his acceptance.要約人可以要求承諾人通過給出書面的確定性答復(fù)、或者作為或不作為某一特定的行為來作出承諾，或者要約人可以授權(quán)受約人作出選擇性的承諾。(2) Unless otherwise indicated by the language or the circumstances, an offer invites a