【正文】 C. Some students’ parents D. Some of his friends 4. When a student ______ , he makes a score. A. receives the ball. B. throws the ball to another student C. runs quickly with the ball in his hand D. throws the ball into the basket 四 . 讀與寫(xiě)： The Birth of American Football A hundred years ago , the game we now call football did not exist . American football started during a game between two colleges . The teams had gotten together to play what they called “football”, but each team played by different rules . One team played what we now call soccer （英式足球） . The other played what we now call rugby （橄欖球） Both games had been invented a thousand years before . In the first kind of football game ever played , all the men from one village tried to kick a ball into another village . The men of the second village tried to kick the ball into the first . Hundreds of people joined in running everywhere , ruining （毀壞） crops and knocking down fences . In time , people agreed on some rules to keep order , but many rules were left open to change . Different rules developed in different places . When the two colleges met to play football , each followed its own rules . They mixed the games together and invented a new game . A hundred years later we call that game American football. In what ways do you suppose the games we know now will have changed in another hundred years ? 1. Finish the following sentences with the given words . 用所給詞完成下列句子。但是推理一定要符合 邏輯，做到言之有據(jù)，言之有理。上文提到的 “Am returning child . Please send earthquake. ”便是一例?？梢?jiàn)，選擇 B. Peter didn’t like to live with a child like Johnny （不喜歡和這樣的孩子一起生活）是恰如其分的。既然如此， Peter 還要 “Please send earthquake”（寧愿地震），說(shuō)明小孩 Johnny 在家的表現(xiàn)比發(fā)生地震還可怕。顯然這份電報(bào)確實(shí)令人費(fèi)解。該短文講述某地地震期間，為保證安全，父母決 定把孩子 Johnny 送到伯父 Peter家。 5. 深入理解，符合邏輯。比較該文前幾段的第一句： Don’t swim in waters where there are sharks. If you see a shark , swim slowly for the shore. If Mr. Shark es too close , put your head under water. But what to do if he still keeps ing after you ? ［解題指導(dǎo)］顯然，縱觀全文，不難看出，答案： C. how to swim safely. 比其它選擇項(xiàng)更能概括全 文的大意。但要注意，對(duì)這類(lèi)題目的解答不能停留在對(duì)原文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或句子理解的水平上，而必須對(duì)文章的有關(guān)信息或全部信息進(jìn)行必要的加工、處理，進(jìn)而達(dá)到語(yǔ)篇水平上的理解才能正確選擇，切忌以點(diǎn)代面，以偏 概全。例如： 2021 年廣州中考 “閱讀理解 ”短文（ A）談到大海中的鯊魚(yú)，文后有這樣一道題： This passage is about ______. A. what a shark is B. the best place to swim in C. how to swim safely D. how to ride on sharks 解答這類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵在于找出主題句。故此題的答案為： B. Smith is her family name。當(dāng)然，其中的 “Brown”仍為 “姓 ” （ family name）。短文中對(duì)英國(guó)人的姓氏規(guī)律提供了如下信息： Jim Allan Green 如果是全名（ full name）的話(huà)， Green是 “姓 ”（ Green is my family name. ） , Jim Allan 則相當(dāng)于中國(guó)人的 “名 ”（ My parents gave me both of my other names. ）。短文最后有如下一個(gè)問(wèn)題： If your American friend’s name is Lucy Smith , _______. A. Lucy is her family name B. Smith is her family name C. Smith is her given name ［解題指導(dǎo)］ 由于國(guó)情不同，英美人的姓名與我們中國(guó)人的姓氏規(guī)律是不同的。 3. 利用信息，舉一反三。因此， careless 的詞義是 not careful（粗心大意）便顯而易見(jiàn)。例如： 2021 年福州中考 “閱讀理解 ”題中 有這樣一段話(huà)： People are often killed while crossing the road . Most of them are old people and children . Old people are often killed because they usually can’t see or hear very well . Children are often killed because they are careless. 句子中的 “careless”是生詞，因此，針對(duì)這一生詞，設(shè)計(jì)了如下一道題，涉及詞義猜測(cè)：The word “careless”means ______. A. careful B. not careful C. take care D. more careful 中考 “閱讀理解 ”題中的 “詞義猜測(cè) ”，并不要求考生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去分析單詞的詞義，而是要求考生根 據(jù)有關(guān)信息對(duì)生詞的詞義進(jìn)行推斷性的猜測(cè)。因此，根據(jù)一般人 “一日三餐 ”的基本常識(shí)，他們請(qǐng)客吃飯的只能是晚飯，故正確答案為： C. have supper。下文談到： When it was about six o’clock , my wife found that we had little bread. 顯然，快六點(diǎn)（ about six o’clock）了，主人還未準(zhǔn)備就緒。英語(yǔ)中 “dinner”的詞義是 main meal of the day . whether eaten at midday or in the evening 。例如： 2021 年北京海淀區(qū)中考 “閱讀理解 ”題原文（ A）中有這樣的內(nèi)容： One day we invited some friends to dinner . When it was about six o’clock , my wife found that we had little bread . So she asked our fiveyearold daughter , Kathy , to buy some . 針 對(duì)這段話(huà)，有如下一個(gè)問(wèn)題： One day Kathy’s parents invited some friends to _______. A. have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party ［解題指導(dǎo)］從短文中不難看出：文中的 “we”就是問(wèn)題中的 “Kathy’s parents”。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類(lèi)問(wèn)題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案， 必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷才能回答。 （ 1） In 1936 , basketball became an Olympic event. （ 2） It’s an international sport. （二）主觀判斷題 中考 “閱讀理解 ”題不僅要求考生讀懂一個(gè)個(gè)的句子，而且要求能理解這些句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 （ 1） top players 頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員，我們還可以說(shuō) top students. （ 2） playing … 為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表方式 課文結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 本篇文章共 6 段（ 6 paragraphs） 1 段和 2 段應(yīng)為一部分 The situation in China. 中國(guó)的情況 （ 1） Basketball is enjoyed by men and women , and by young and old. （ 2） Few people know how basketball started 3 段和 4 段應(yīng)為一部分 How was basketball invented. 籃球是怎樣被發(fā)明的。 much more 是個(gè)詞組，意為更加，更不用說(shuō) 如： It’s difficult to understand his books , much more his lectures. 他的書(shū)難懂，它的演講就更難懂了。 The teacher divide the students into 2 parts. 老師把同學(xué)們分成兩部分 14. They played the first basketball game in history . in history 是個(gè)詞組，意為 “在歷史上 ” 15. The