【正文】 e always say—“A friend indeed is a friend in need”. In this case, ruifang treat his secretary like this way makes her secretary feel unfortable. In western countries, no matter how intimate their friendship is, they should make an appointment in advance, and they should have their own private ，也不能閑死在家里！寧可去碰壁，也不能面壁。s emphasis on human inequalities. A culture high in power distance would value hierarchical status and authority. in contrast, countries that scored low on power distance don39。s mind) and behaviors (human being39。s sense of right and wrong or what ought to be.,” Equal rights for all, Excellence deserves admiration, and People should be treated with respect and dignity are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior.（陽剛傾向):refers to a kind of values that the society advocates the dominance of the masculine characteristics such as decisiveness, assertiveness, and petitiveness, traits that reflect traditional manly values of control over events. time system（多向計時制):Polychromic time system is a kind of viewpoint and attitude toward time, which means that several things are being done at the same time. distance:can therefore be defined as the extent to which the less powerful. Members of insititutions and organizations within a country except and accept that power is distributed unequally. munication:（非語言交際） is munication through means other than languagefor example,facial expression personal space, eye contact, use of time,and conversational silence.:this dimension measure the degree to which a society values independent initiative to collective effort. :(嬌柔傾向）feminine orienlations focus on nurturing relationships and human interactions. They display limited emphasis on petitive dominance. time system: monochromic time system is a king of viewpoint and attitude toward time, which means that things should be done one at a time, and time is segmented into precise, small units.四、簡答題（5題*5分=25分） What is noise in munication?√ What are the characteristics of culture? How much do you know about Japanese people? And how can you municate well with them?√ What is highcontext munication?√ What is the Chinese dream? √ What are the ponents of munication?√ What are the ingredients of culture?√ What is lowcontext munication?√ How much do you know about German People? And how can you municate will with them? What is American Dream?1. What is noise in munication?The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes. Noise can be of many forms:external noise can be the sights,sounds, and other stimuil that draw youe attention away from the a radio on while reading is external noise refers to your thoughts anf feelings that can interfere with the message. are the characteristics of culture?Six characteristics of culture are of special importance to intercultural mumication:(1)culture is learned (2)culture is transmissible.(3)culture is dynamic. (4)culture is selective.(5)t