英國國家概況(三)(中英文版)-文庫吧資料
2024-11-10 22:20本頁面
【正文】 wn. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 大議會是當今英國議會的原型。盡管人們普遍認為《大憲章》為英國的自由奠定了基礎，但該憲章只是規(guī)定國王和貴族之間封建關(guān)系和法律關(guān)系的文件，保證了教會的自由，限制了國王權(quán)利。 (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. 《大憲章》是約翰國王 1215 年在封建貴族壓力下簽定的。 (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property。他堅持被控犯有刑事罪的神職人員應由國王法庭審判，而不由主教法庭審判。在他統(tǒng)治時期，逐漸建立起超越地方領主法律的普遍法。他將全國分為六個審制區(qū)。s court to the King39。 The ways Henry II reform the courts and the law. 亨利二世對法院及法律進行改革的方式。 strengthened and widened the powers of his sheriffs and relied for armed support upon a militia posed of English freemen. 亨利二世采取了一些措施鞏固君主制。 demolished many castles built in Stephen39。 Henry II took some measures to consolidate the monarchy. He forced the Flemish mercenaries to leave England。 ⑦ 英國封建制獨有的特色就是，無論是土地承租人還是二佃戶，都必須要宣誓效忠于直接領主，而 且要效忠于國王。 ⑤ 已成為國王土地承租人的貴族又把土地分配給小貴族、騎士和自由民，同樣換取貨物和服役。 ③ 威廉把英國的大片土地分給貴族，條件是換取對方服役和收租。s tenantsinchief, parceled out land to the le
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