英國國家概況(三)(中英文版)-預(yù)覽頁
【正文】 der the press of the barons. It consists of sixtythree clauses. Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council?！洞髴椪隆房偣?63條，其中最重要的內(nèi)容是： (1) 未經(jīng)大議會同意，不得征稅； (2) 只有根據(jù)國家有關(guān)法律才能逮捕、監(jiān)禁自由人以及剝奪他們的財產(chǎn)； (3)教會應(yīng)享受其所有權(quán)利且有選舉自由；（ 4） 倫敦和其它城鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)保留其古時的權(quán)力和特權(quán)； (5) 全國要使用統(tǒng)一的重量和長度度量衡。 1265 年，西門 德孟福爾召開大議會，各縣有兩名騎士，各鎮(zhèn)有兩名市民參加。 IV． The Hundred Years39。s being driven out of France is regarded as a blessing for both countries. If the English had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory. 百年戰(zhàn)爭指 1337 年到 1453 年英法之間一場斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)爭的起因既有領(lǐng)土因素又有經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。其他原因還有英國試圖阻止法國幫助蘇格蘭人，以及不斷覺醒的民族意識。 1348 年夏天橫掃全英國。地主想把耕地變?yōu)槿肆π枨筝^少的牧場。 VI. The Peasant Uprising of 1381 and its significance 1381 年農(nóng)民起義及其意義 Armed villagers and townsmen of Kent and Essex, led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, moved on London in June, 1381. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home, while Tyler and other leaders stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king. The uprising was brutally suppressed, but it had farreaching significance in English history. First, it directed against the rich clergy, lawyers and the landowners. Second, it dealt a telling blow to villeinage, and third, a new class of yeomen farmers emerged, paving the way to the development of capitalism. 1381 年 6 月，在瓦特 泰勒和杰克 斯特勞領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，凱特郡和埃塞克斯郡的農(nóng)民和市民武裝起來發(fā)動起義，并向倫敦進(jìn)發(fā)。 盡管起義被血腥鎮(zhèn)壓，但在英國歷史上留下了深遠(yuǎn)的
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