英國國家概況(三)(中英文版)-wenkub
2022-11-13 22:20:08 本頁面
【正文】 a promise of military service and a proportion of the land39。 ③ 威廉把英國的大片土地分給貴族，條件是換取對方服役和收租。 ⑦ 英國封建制獨有的特色就是，無論是土地承租人還是二佃戶，都必須要宣誓效忠于直接領主，而 且要效忠于國王。 demolished many castles built in Stephen39。 The ways Henry II reform the courts and the law. 亨利二世對法院及法律進行改革的方式。他將全國分為六個審制區(qū)。他堅持被控犯有刑事罪的神職人員應由國王法庭審判，而不由主教法庭審判。 (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. 《大憲章》是約翰國王 1215 年在封建貴族壓力下簽定的。 origins of the English Parliament 英國議會的起源 The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 大議會是當今英國議會的原型。議會的最重要的部分是上議院。s desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes. The English39。弗蘭德斯地區(qū)生產(chǎn)棉布的城鎮(zhèn)是英國羊毛的主要進口商，但這些城鎮(zhèn)在政治上卻效忠法國國王 。s population from four millio
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