【正文】
修飾成分 形容詞、副詞、 數(shù)詞、量詞、 定語(yǔ)從句、介詞 短語(yǔ) … 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ) 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ) 形容詞、副詞、 數(shù)詞、量詞、 定語(yǔ)從句、介詞 短語(yǔ) … 形容詞、副詞、 數(shù)詞、量詞、 定語(yǔ)從句、介詞 短語(yǔ) … (一)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 句子及其種類 ( 1) 簡(jiǎn)單句: 只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu) Highfat diets affect adaptive immune response. 高脂肪飲食影響適應(yīng)性免疫應(yīng)答 。 ? 最根本成分 是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ) , 修飾語(yǔ) ( 包括定語(yǔ) 、 狀語(yǔ) 、 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等 ) 用來(lái)修飾主 、 謂 、 賓語(yǔ) 。 Chapter 3 The style of sentence in specialized English 第三章 專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的文體 ? . 我想問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題: I want to ask you a question. * I’d like to ask you a question. * May I ask you a question? 一、科技英語(yǔ)的文體 ( Stylistics in Specialized English) A. Chinese is different from English on oral expression 一、科技英語(yǔ)的文體 ( Stylistics in Specialized English) B. Style in English is different from Chinese (一)科普文章和一般科技文獻(xiàn)中常見的文體 一、科技英語(yǔ)的文體 ( Stylistics in Specialized English) 2) After a hole was made in a cork, a narrow glass tube was inserted and the cork was inserted into neck of a bottle filled with colored water. On doing this, some of the colored water rose in the tube. The level of the colored water in the tube was marked. Then the bottle was placed into a pan of hot water. Almost immediately, the water level in the tube fell slightly, but then it started to rise until the water overflowed. 1) We made a hole in a cork and pushed into a narrow glass tube. Then we pushed this into neck of a bottle which we had filled with colored water. When we did this some of the colored water went up into the tube. We marked the level of the colored water in the tube was marked. Then the bottle was placed into a pan of hot water. Almost immediately, the water level in the tube fell slightly, but then it started to rise until the water overflowed. 1) This piece of metal expanded when it was heated. It will contract when cooled. 這篇金屬遇熱膨脹 , 遇冷收縮 。 四、科技英語(yǔ)的修辭特點(diǎn) ( Rhetoric Features) ( 二 ) 較多地使用圖 、 表和公式 ——直觀 、 簡(jiǎn)練 ? 進(jìn)行條件論述 、 理論分析和公式推導(dǎo)時(shí) , 多使用邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞( logic connectors) , 即表示條件 、 原因 、 語(yǔ)氣轉(zhuǎn)折 、 限制 、假設(shè)和邏輯順序等詞匯 , 以使行文邏輯關(guān)系清楚 、 層次條理分明 。 四、科技英語(yǔ)的修辭特點(diǎn) ( Rhetoric Features) 一般過(guò)去時(shí): 常見于描述背景、材料和方法、結(jié)論和討論。 ? 一般過(guò)去時(shí): 介紹過(guò)去進(jìn)行的工作或者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)論或推論是來(lái)自于某個(gè)試驗(yàn)的特殊情況 ( 并非一般概念或真理性結(jié)論 ) 。 2) ? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 則多用來(lái)表述已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)或獲得的研究成果 。 比如教材內(nèi)容 。 2) Fig. 2 shows the extent of discoloration during 12 d of refrigerated storage at 4℃ . 圖 2表明了 4℃ 冷藏 12天期間的脫色程度 。 ? The purpose of this study is … 本文的目的是 … ? The conclusion is that… 結(jié)論是 … ? The fact is that… 事實(shí)是 … ? The question is that … 問(wèn)題在于 … (七 ) It句型使用頻繁 —準(zhǔn)確、精煉 三、科技英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn) ( Grammar Features) 其它慣用句型: 1. 含有表語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句的陳述句 1) The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary supplemental Se on performance, lipid oxidation, and color stability of broiler chicks. 本試驗(yàn)的目的是評(píng)價(jià)日糧中添加不同水平硒對(duì)肉雞生產(chǎn)性能 、 脂質(zhì)氧化和肉色穩(wěn)定性的影響 。 ? it 充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ) ( 邏輯主語(yǔ)是后面的 主語(yǔ)從句 或 不定式短語(yǔ) ) ,避免句子 “ 頭重腳輕 ” , 是一種慣用句型 。 三、科技英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn) ( Grammar Features) 2. 狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略 1) The use of antibiotic growth promoters, which are mainly supplemented in animal feed to boost production and prevent disease outbreaks, has been banned due to fears of antibioticresistant microbes in the food chain. The use of antibiotic growth promoters, mainly supplemented in animal feed to boost production and prevent disease outbreaks, has been banned due to fears of antibioticresistant microbes in the food chain. 由于擔(dān)心食物鏈中耐藥菌的產(chǎn)生 , 添加到動(dòng)物飼料中以促進(jìn)動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)和預(yù)防疾病爆發(fā)的抗生素促生長(zhǎng)劑已禁止使用了 。 三、科技英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn) ( Grammar Features) 1. 并列復(fù)合句的省略 2) The first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours, while the second treatment would require only 26 hours. The first treatment whould require a minimum of 48 hours, while the second only 26 hours. 第一次處理至少需要 48小時(shí) , 而第二次處理只需要 26小時(shí) 。 (2) What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.