【正文】 比較和了解這些差異，將會為中西方將來的跨文化交際提供依據(jù)。了解不同民族及國家飲食文化間的差異有利于促進他們間的文化交流，利于跨文化的交際。本文將就中西飲食文化從飲食觀念、宴會禮儀及飲食內(nèi)容三大方面加以比較，展示中西餐飲文化差異，以便更加順利的進行中西間的跨文化交際。而“吃”作為一種可以拉近彼此距離的交流手段，理應(yīng)加以重視。相信隨著跨文化交流的深入發(fā)展，這類寫實性加注釋的譯法會在譯介中國飲食文化，尤其是傳統(tǒng)飲食文化方面扮演重要的角色。但筆者認為如果篇幅允許，還是應(yīng)該在此基礎(chǔ)上加注說明為好。再比如“麻婆豆腐” 現(xiàn)音譯為 “Mapo Tofu”。要對等翻譯的話，很可能會出現(xiàn)誤譯。因此在把中餐文化菜名進行英譯時，一般采用寫實性命名法，將菜肴的材料、烹飪方法、味型等重要信息翻譯出來，讓外國友人一目了然。（二）文化適應(yīng)性原則指導(dǎo)下的文化菜名新譯文化菜名所包含的文化內(nèi)涵是西方人難以理解的，誤譯的文化菜名會使他們不敢品嘗?！蔽幕嗣毺氐奈幕x是西方人所難以甚至無法理解的。對于對中國傳統(tǒng)文化了解甚少的中國人來說了解這些菜肴的命名尚且是挑戰(zhàn)，對于外國人來說更是如此。四、運用文化適應(yīng)性原則翻譯可以更好的促進中西文化交流（一）文化適應(yīng)性原則文化適應(yīng)性（Cultural Compatibility）是翻譯中的一個重要概念，它指的是譯者對某種文化意義或內(nèi)涵的把握，讀者對譯作的接受程度及相應(yīng)的審美判斷效果。如果有事不能按時赴約，要事先打電話通知他人并致歉。西方人的時間觀念較強，嚴格遵守約會時間，不能失約。而在中國，人們喜歡搶著去付錢。大家各自點自己想吃的菜。一定要抽的話，要得到女士的同意。客人要夸贊主人準備的飯菜。在西方宴席上，主人一般只給客人夾一次菜。吃飯時，主人會頻頻給客人夾菜或勸酒，嘴里還念叨著不要客氣，多吃點。在中國，不管是出于什么目的的宴席只會有一種形式，就是大家圍著桌子坐在一起共享一席。但在西方的理性飲食觀看來，這種超負荷的飲食不僅造成浪費，還會危害人的健康。他絕對不會說：菜的營養(yǎng)價值不高，您將就著吃吧。中國有句俗語：民以食為天，食以味為先，這說明了在中國，味道是烹調(diào)的最高準則。西方人吃牛排時，服務(wù)員會問要幾分熟，他們還喜歡吃生魚，蔬菜，這對很多中國人來說是不可思議的。所以他們較少關(guān)注食物的色、香、味、形，但營養(yǎng)一定要得到保證。（二）中西飲食文化關(guān)注點不同。且注重使用比喻，雙關(guān)，象征等修辭手法，很多菜是以創(chuàng)始人、景物、典故和傳聞等來命名的，如東坡肉，傳說是根據(jù)宋代著名的大文豪蘇東坡流傳下來的食譜做成的；霸王別姬，則源于西楚霸王項羽和他的愛妃虞姬。這是中西餐的重要區(qū)別之一，烹飪方法的差異主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個方面：第一：原料的加工。中國人視為美味的貓肉，狗肉是西方人所無法接受的，而西方人習以為常的海洋魚類、貝殼類在中國內(nèi)地并不是很受歡迎。西餐主要原料是動物類和海洋魚類，輔以植物類，中餐原料主要是植物類和淡水魚類，輔以動物類。如：sunshine salad胡蘿卜色拉； homemade vegetable salad家常蔬菜色拉； fruit salad水果色拉。所以看到沙拉時我們對于其所含的原料，配料就會一目了然。強調(diào)采用新鮮的原料，在烹調(diào)過程中保持原有的營養(yǎng)成分及味道，蔬菜基本上都是生吃。又如：脆皮乳鴿，將象征著和平的鴿子烹而食之，也是西方人不能接受的，所以最好把它略過。中式菜肴命名為了吉祥，借用了一些不能食用的物品或西方人忌諱食用的動物名，翻譯時應(yīng)按原料名直譯，如果原料本身是西人忌食的，這道菜可省略不譯。第五，把握原料這一核心，無論中餐如何命名，翻譯時均須翻譯出原材料，再加上烹調(diào)方法和味型等輔助材料。中餐烹調(diào)方法分類如下：燒、燒、燴、燜Braise燉、煨Stew煎、炸、酥Deepfry爆、炒、熘、滑Stirfry、Quickfry干炒、干煸、焙Saut煮、汆、涮、白灼Boil燒、烤、烘、Roast、Barbecue、Broil、Bake第四，盡量譯出原料加工后的形狀。第三，關(guān)注中餐烹調(diào)方法的類別。應(yīng)借鑒中餐菜肴命名的藝術(shù)手法，盡量反映中餐烹飪的特色，對一些歷史悠久、流傳廣泛的菜肴在翻譯之后還可以附加說明。如：把“麻婆豆腐”譯成Pockmarked woman’s bean curd、把“八仙過海 ”譯為Eight Immortals crossing the sea、把“魚香肉絲”譯為Fishflavor shredded pork，這樣會使外賓茫然或誤解。影響菜名翻譯的重要因素是烹飪方法和菜式命名，翻譯時要把握好二者的特點，既要符合西餐菜肴命名習慣，又要體現(xiàn)中餐特色，切忌望文生義或按字面意思直譯。從此就有了“夫妻肺片”這一小吃。一些常來品嘗他們夫妻制作的肺片的頑皮學(xué)生，用紙條寫上“夫妻肺片”字樣，悄悄貼在他夫妻倆的背上或小擔上，也有人大聲吆喝，“夫妻肺片，夫妻肺片……”。再如，夫妻肺片的翻譯如大導(dǎo)演的電影那樣陰森恐怖――丈夫和妻子的肺切“Husband and wife’s lung slice”；早在清朝末年，成都街頭巷尾便有許多挑擔、提籃叫賣涼拌肺片的小販。但有些譯者將它譯為“Silk Baby”。比如，貴州有道名小吃叫“絲娃娃”。能夠體現(xiàn)菜肴內(nèi)容和特色的命名方法叫做寫實性命名法，此外還有反映菜肴深刻文化內(nèi)涵的寫意性命名法，文化菜名就屬于此類。本文結(jié)合中餐菜譜的翻譯，明確提出對中餐菜譜翻譯中文化差異的處理策略，進而闡明文化因素在語際翻譯中的重要性。了解中式菜肴的英文名稱能夠為外國友人提供方便、同時也可以介紹宣傳中國文化。on the other is house special chicken, which never fails in delighting.[12] The crossculture awareness of the interpreterInterpretation is actually a crossculture munication, in which the interpreter should have a strong sense of the two cultures and the translation should be made as clear as interpreter should have not only bilingual skills, but also bicultural of the interpreters regard interpretation as cultural interpretation.[13]Interpretation often fails if the interpreter ignores the cultural factors and can not act as a good munication of the names of Chinese dishes is actually a process to introduce Chinese dietary culture to the foreign this particular case, the interpreter’s crossculture awareness is important and is reflected in three Study of dietary cultureIn order to understand the original language and culture, that is to say, the Chinese language and the Chinese culture, the interpreter should learn the Chinese dietary culture, know the cultural backgrounds of the names and know the raw materials and the methods which the names actually , the interpreter should introduce the Chinese dietary culture to the foreign guests timely and appropriately if Know the level of the guests’ understanding of Chinese to the guests’ understanding of the Chinese culture, the interpreter candetermine the translation with his sensitivity of translation, the interpreter would know under what circumstances the literal translation would make foreign guests have no obstacle in understanding, such as people’s names, places metaphoric names and the names with names’ translations are often relying on the knowledge and cultural backgrounds that can be understood by the this time, based on the literal translation, the interpreter should add explanations to mend foreign guest’s cultural gaps and put the source language culture into the target language culture if possible, so as to make the translation acceptable and promote cultural exchanges Actively participate in the cultural municationThe interpreter is not only an intermediary but also an active participator at a interpreter has the responsibility and obligation to promote the exchange of mutual understanding and certain circumstances, the interpreter should use their dualcultural knowledge to explain the cultural differences and misunderstandings which might be caused by the municators who lack understanding with each example, at a banquet, when ordering Chinese dishes, the interpreter can remind the officials to pay attention to the foreign guest’s national culture and psychological tastes, avoiding ordering the taboo food, such as vinegar pork, pig heart and so short, in order to plete impromptu interpretation task, the interpreter has to make full preparations to understand and bee familiar with some cooking terminologies and the corresponding English expressions, to understand the dietrelated knowledge and cultural backgrounds, to use the translation strategies flexibly for onthespot translation, to take advantage of its double cultural ability to promote mutual understanding and munication, to introduce foreign friends the Chinese food culture timely and This paper pares the cultural differences of diet between China and English countries and gives a general illustration on some infl