【正文】 第五章 外文翻譯Tower CraneBoom mounted on the upper part of the rotation of the tall tower crane. Operating a large space, mainly used for housing construction materials in the vertical and horizontal transportation and installation of building ponents. From the metal structure, working bodies and the electrical system consists of three parts. Metal structure including the tower moving arms and base and so on. The work of organizations including lifting,luffing, slewing and walking four parts. Electrical systems including motors, controllers, power distribution cabinets, connection lines, signals and lighting devices.Short tower crane tower crane, also known as tower crane, originated in Western Europe. According to records, the first tower crane used in construction related to the patent granted in1900. Emerged in 1905 with a fixed jib tower crane, and in 1923 produced the prototype of modern tower crane, in the same year the first relatively plete modern tower crane. 1930, when Germany began mass production of tower cranes, and used for building construction. In1941, the tower crane industry standard DIN8770 published in Germany. The standard provides for crane set (t) and amplitude (m) of the product (tm) together to retorque, said the tower crane lifting capacity.China tower crane industry in the 20th century, 50 years started, as opposed to the Western European countries due to weakness in the construction industry caused by the tower crane industry in recession, Shanghai Poch Drive System Co., Ltd. tower crane industry in China is in a rapid period of development .From the tower crane in terms of technological development, while an endless stream of new products, new products in the production efficiency, easy operation, and maintenance easier and more reliable operation in the increase in the tower crane, but there is no fundamental change in the technology. The tower crane research is towards modular development. The socalled modular, that is, to the tower structure as the core, according to structural and functional characteristics of the shaft broken down into several parts, and on the basis of seriation and general requirements, follow the modulus of the various parts of the system theory and then divided into a number of modules. According to parameters required, choose the appropriate modules were grouped with different performance characteristics of the tower crane technology to meet the specific needs of the construction. The implementation of modular tower crane tower crane production capacity will help to speed up the development progress of Lu, save product development costs, and better for customer service.Slewing tower crane be divided into upper and lower rotary tower crane tower crane two broad categories. In which the carrying capacity of the former than the latter, in many we have seen the construction site is on a rotary festival add up on top of a high tower crane access. According to whether the move is further divided into: walking a line, and fixed. Fixed the fixed tower crane tower do not switch installed in the concrete block foundation, or installed in the form of Xshaped concrete foundation. In the housing construction generally use a fixed characteristics and safety devicesTower crane boom and struts form of subhorizontal type two kinds. For the horizontal boom, the load car runs along the level luffing boom, luffing movement balance, its long boom, but the greater weight boom. Boom for the struttype when the tractor boom luffing mechanism Pitch amplitude, amplitude motion than horizontal steady, but its relatively small weight.In order to ensure the safety of tower crane has a good safety device, such as starting weight, range, height and load torque constraints such devices, as well as the travel limit switches, tower lights, wind instrument, wind cliprail device, Ladders and athletic supporter circle, walkways and railings. Driver39。整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)符合了國(guó)內(nèi)起重機(jī)今后的高性能、高可靠性能發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。減速器采用油潤(rùn)滑的方式，選用220中負(fù)荷工作齒輪油。本設(shè)計(jì)還完成了減速器中的齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，以及減速器箱體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。整個(gè)傳動(dòng)過程比較平穩(wěn)，拆卸方便，維修容易，價(jià)格低廉。本設(shè)計(jì)采用YZP160交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)作為源動(dòng)力，電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出軸和減速器的高速軸通過聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接，浮動(dòng)軸的另一端通過萬(wàn)向聯(lián)軸器與車輪的心軸連接，將動(dòng)力傳遞車輪，以驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪的運(yùn)行。本設(shè)計(jì)參考了傳統(tǒng)橋式起重機(jī)小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，小車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)方式采用把減速器放置在小車的主動(dòng)輪的中間，采用聯(lián)軸器連接。兩定位銷之間的間距越遠(yuǎn)越可靠，因此，通常將其設(shè)置在箱體凸緣的對(duì)角處，并應(yīng)作非對(duì)稱布置。選擇通氣器類型時(shí)應(yīng)考慮通氣器對(duì)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性，其規(guī)格尺寸應(yīng)于減速器大小相適應(yīng)。（4）通氣器通氣器應(yīng)設(shè)在箱蓋頂部和視孔蓋上。采用圓柱螺塞時(shí)，箱座上裝螺塞處應(yīng)設(shè)置凸臺(tái)，并加封油墊片。游標(biāo)尺安裝位置不能太低，以避免油溢出游標(biāo)尺座孔。游標(biāo)尺上有表示最高級(jí)最低油溫的尺線。（2）油面指示器油面指示器應(yīng)設(shè)在便于觀察且油面較穩(wěn)定的部位，如低速軸部位。視孔蓋處設(shè)計(jì)凸臺(tái)以便加工。鑄鐵具有良好的鑄造性能和切削加工性能，成本低。箱體底座要有一定的寬度和厚度，以保證安裝穩(wěn)定性與剛度。剖分結(jié)合面必須有一定的寬度，并且要求仔細(xì)加工。剖分式箱體由箱座與箱蓋兩部分組成，用螺栓連接起來構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體。大齒輪 腹板式—頂圓直徑da≤500mm的齒輪可以是鍛造的或鑄造的，通常采用腹板式結(jié)構(gòu)。③計(jì)算大小齒輪分度圓直徑 d3=== d6===④計(jì)算齒寬 b=φdd5==圓整后 B6=100mm B5=105mm驗(yàn)算 Ft=== ==100N /mm所以滿足齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度和齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度。m，[5]查得KHα=KFα=K=KAKVKHαKFα==⑤計(jì)算縱向重合度ξβ=φdZ1tgβ=19=⑥ d5=d5t== ⑧ 計(jì)算模數(shù)mnmn== =(3)按齒輪彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 mn≥ ①計(jì)算載荷系數(shù) K=KAKVKFαKFα==② 根據(jù)縱向重合度ξβ=，[5]查得螺旋角影響系數(shù)Yβ=③ 計(jì)算當(dāng)量齒數(shù)ZV5===ZV6===④ [5]查得YFα5=, YFα6=[5]查得YSα5=, YSα6=⑤ 計(jì)算彎曲疲勞應(yīng)力[5]查得σFE5=σFE6=620Mpa [5]查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù) KFN5= KFN6=⑥ 取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=[σF]5===[σF]6===434Mpa⑦ 計(jì)算大小齒輪的,并加以比較(YFα5YSα5)/ [σF]5=（）/=(YFα6YSα6)/ [σF]6=（）/434=小齒輪的數(shù)值大mn≥ =對(duì)比計(jì)算結(jié)果，由齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算得法面模數(shù)mn，與由齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算得法面模數(shù)相差不大，取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值mn=6mm，取分度園直徑d5=。mm；③ [5] 取齒寬系數(shù)φd=；④ [5]查得，材料的彈性影響系數(shù)ZE=；⑤ [5]選取區(qū)域系數(shù)ZH=。m材料：大小齒輪采用的材料為40Cr，并經(jīng)過調(diào)質(zhì)和表面淬火，硬度為48—55HRC閉式傳動(dòng)，精度7級(jí)，初選材料螺旋角β=12o，使用期6年，每年工作300天，每天8小時(shí)。③計(jì)算大小齒輪分度圓直徑 d3=== d4===④計(jì)算齒寬 b=φdd3==圓整后 B3=60mm B4=65mm驗(yàn)算 Ft=== ==100N /mm所以滿足齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度和齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度。m，[5]查得KHα=KFα=K=KAKVKHαKFα==⑤計(jì)算縱向重合度ξβ=φdZ1tgβ=19=⑥ d1=d1t== ⑦ 計(jì)算模數(shù)mm===(3)按齒輪彎曲強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 mn≥ ① 計(jì)算載荷系數(shù) K=KAKVKFαKFα==② 根據(jù)縱向重合度ξβ=，[5]查得螺旋角影響系數(shù)Yβ=③ 計(jì)算當(dāng)量齒數(shù)ZV1===ZV2===④ [5]查得YFα1=, YFα2=[5]查得YSα1=, YSα2=⑤ 計(jì)算彎曲疲勞應(yīng)力[5]查得σFE1=σFE2=620Mpa [5]查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù) KFN1= KFN2=⑥ 取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=[σF]1===[σF]2===⑦ 計(jì)算大小齒輪的,并加以比較(YFα1YSα1)/ [σF]1=（）/