【正文】 crane, also known as tower crane, originated in Western Europe. According to records, the first tower crane used in construction related to the patent granted in1900. Emerged in 1905 with a fixed jib tower crane, and in 1923 produced the prototype of modern tower crane, in the same year the first relatively plete modern tower crane. 1930, when Germany began mass production of tower cranes, and used for building construction. In1941, the tower crane industry standard DIN8770 published in Germany. The standard provides for crane set (t) and amplitude (m) of the product (tm) together to retorque, said the tower crane lifting capacity.China tower crane industry in the 20th century, 50 years started, as opposed to the Western European countries due to weakness in the construction industry caused by the tower crane industry in recession, Shanghai Poch Drive System Co., Ltd. tower crane industry in China is in a rapid period of development .From the tower crane in terms of technological development, while an endless stream of new products, new products in the production efficiency, easy operation, and maintenance easier and more reliable operation in the increase in the tower crane, but there is no fundamental change in the technology. The tower crane research is towards modular development. The socalled modular, that is, to the tower structure as the core, according to structural and functional characteristics of the shaft broken down into several parts, and on the basis of seriation and general requirements, follow the modulus of the various parts of the system theory and then divided into a number of modules. According to parameters required, choose the appropriate modules were grouped with different performance characteristics of the tower crane technology to meet the specific needs of the construction. The implementation of modular tower crane tower crane production capacity will help to speed up the development progress of Lu, save product development costs, and better for customer service.Slewing tower crane be divided into upper and lower rotary tower crane tower crane two broad categories. In which the carrying capacity of the former than the latter, in many we have seen the construction site is on a rotary festival add up on top of a high tower crane access. According to whether the move is further divided into: walking a line, and fixed. Fixed the fixed tower crane tower do not switch installed in the concrete block foundation, or installed in the form of Xshaped concrete foundation. In the housing construction generally use a fixed characteristics and safety devicesTower crane boom and struts form of subhorizontal type two kinds. For the horizontal boom, the load car runs along the level luffing boom, luffing movement balance, its long boom, but the greater weight boom. Boom for the struttype when the tractor boom luffing mechanism Pitch amplitude, amplitude motion than horizontal steady, but its relatively small weight.In order to ensure the safety of tower crane has a good safety device, such as starting weight, range, height and load torque constraints such devices, as well as the travel limit switches, tower lights, wind instrument, wind cliprail device, Ladders and athletic supporter circle, walkways and railings. Driver39。整個設計符合了國內(nèi)起重機今后的高性能、高可靠性能發(fā)展趨勢。本設計還完成了減速器中的齒輪的結構設計，以及減速器箱體的結構設計。本設計采用YZP160交流異步電動機作為源動力，電動機輸出軸和減速器的高速軸通過聯(lián)軸器聯(lián)接，浮動軸的另一端通過萬向聯(lián)軸器與車輪的心軸連接，將動力傳遞車輪，以驅動車輪的運行。兩定位銷之間的間距越遠越可靠，因此，通常將其設置在箱體凸緣的對角處，并應作非對稱布置。（4）通氣器通氣器應設在箱蓋頂部和視孔蓋上。游標尺安裝位置不能太低，以避免油溢出游標尺座孔。（2）油面指示器油面指示器應設在便于觀察且油面較穩(wěn)定的部位，如低速軸部位。鑄鐵具有良好的鑄造性能和切削加工性能，成本低。剖分結合面必須有一定的寬度，并且要求仔細加工。大齒輪 腹板式—頂圓直徑da≤500mm的齒輪可以是鍛造的或鑄造的，通常采用腹板式結構。m，[5]查得KHα=KFα=K=KAKVKHαKFα==⑤計算縱向重合度ξβ=φdZ1tgβ=19=⑥ d5=d5t== ⑧ 計算模數(shù)mnmn== =(3)按齒輪彎曲強度計算 mn≥ ①計算載荷系數(shù) K=KAKVKFαKFα==② 根據(jù)縱向重合度ξβ=，[5]查得螺旋角影響系數(shù)Yβ=③ 計算當量齒數(shù)ZV5===ZV6===④ [5]查得YFα5=, YFα6=[5]查得YSα5=, YSα6=⑤ 計算彎曲疲勞應力[5]查得σFE5=σFE6=620Mpa [5]查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù) KFN5= KFN6=⑥ 取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=[σF]5===[σF]6===434Mpa⑦ 計算大小齒輪的,并加以比較(YFα5YSα5)/ [σF]5=（）/=(YFα6YSα6)/ [σF]6=（）/434=小齒輪的數(shù)值大mn≥ =對比計算結果，由齒面接觸疲勞強度計算得法面模數(shù)mn，與由齒根彎曲疲勞強度計算得法面模數(shù)相差不大，取標準值mn=6mm，取分度園直徑d5=。m材料：大小齒輪采用的材料為40Cr，并經(jīng)過調質和表面淬火，硬度為48—55HRC閉式傳動，精度7級，初選材料螺旋角β=12o，使用期6年，每年工作300天，每天8小時。m，[5]查得KHα=KFα=K=KAKVKHαKFα==⑤計算縱向重合度ξβ=φdZ1tgβ=19=⑥ d1=d1t== ⑦ 計算模數(shù)mm===(3)按齒輪彎曲強度計算 mn≥ ① 計算載荷系數(shù) K=KAKVKFαKFα==② 根據(jù)縱向重合度ξβ=，[5]查得螺旋角影響系數(shù)Yβ=③ 計算當量齒數(shù)ZV1===ZV2===④ [5]查得YFα1=, YFα2=[5]查得YSα1=, YSα2=⑤ 計算彎曲疲勞應力[5]查得σFE1=σFE2=620Mpa [5]查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù) KFN1= KFN2=⑥ 取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=[σF]1===[σF]2===⑦ 計算大小齒輪的,并加以比較(YFα1YSα1)/ [σF]1=（）/=(YFα2YSα2)/ [σF]2=（）/=小齒輪的數(shù)值大mn≥ =對比計算結果，由齒面接觸疲勞強度計算得法面模數(shù)mn，與由齒根彎曲疲勞強度計算得法面模數(shù)相差不大，取標準值mn=2mm，取分度園直徑d1=。m材料：大小齒輪采用的材料為40Cr，并經(jīng)過調質和表面淬火，硬度為40~55HRC閉式傳動，精度7級，初選材料螺旋角β=12o使用期6年，每年工作300天，每天8小時。mT2=9550P2/n2=9550m； V起重機或小車碰撞時的碰撞計算速度， m/min。m 型號 Q/傳遞力矩 Ma=1400樣本低速聯(lián)軸器應能傳遞的扭矩Mtd≥9550ntΦ8Pni=9550 = Nm； nt聯(lián)軸器的選用安全系數(shù)， 取nt=； Φ8剛性振動系數(shù)， 取Φ8=~； Mi被連接軸上的扭矩， N Vk=πDn=970=D 車輪踏面直徑， m；n電動機的同步轉速， r/min；i從動車輪軸到高速軸的傳動比。m； Ma—機構制動時需制動的慣性力矩； Mjmin—有利于機構制動時的最小阻力矩；Ma= + = + =式中：Zz—制動器數(shù)量； nm—電動機額定轉速， r/min。m2) a、粘著摩擦系數(shù)μ0值對于室內(nèi)工作起重機μ0= μ0Pi≥K0(Ga+Wj) Pi== 式中： Pi——第i個驅動輪的輪壓，KN。 a——起動平均加速度，m/s2。小車架由主梁、端梁、副梁、平臺、欄桿等組成，便于運輸，中間斷開，用高強度螺栓連接。該結構也便于車輪的裝拆。各機構均采用全封閉自潤滑的中硬齒輪減速器，它具有運行平穩(wěn)、壽命長的特點。起升機構設有重錘式和雙重限位開關。小車由起升機構、小車架、小車運行機構、250t吊具等部分組成。廠房內(nèi)設兩臺250/50/10t橋機，吊裝定子及轉子時，兩臺橋機掛500t平衡梁，利用平衡梁與轉子連接起吊轉子。減速器位于小車主動輪中間的小車轉動方式，使小車減速器輸出軸及兩側傳動軸所承受的扭矩比較均勻。常用小車緩沖器安裝在小車架上，而擋鐵則安裝在橋架兩根主梁的兩端；也有將緩沖器和擋鐵的位置反過來安裝的。由于接線關系，此時電動機只能作反向運動。無論哪一種限位開關，吊鉤組上升的極限位置應該與卷筒或定滑輪之間保持一定距離。上述兩種布置方式所用的墜重作用式限位開關，起動作都離不開吊鉤組的工作位置。當?shù)蹉^組上升到允許的最高位置時，固定在吊鉤組上的擋板就將墜重抬起，使懸掛它的鋼繩松弛，此時，杠桿在另一端重塊作用下轉動約30℃，因此使開關盒內(nèi)的電路觸點斷開，起升機構電動機