【正文】 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 67 從用戶到供應者的集成 供應者 生產(chǎn)者 用戶 與供應基地結(jié)盟以支持物流戰(zhàn)略 與關(guān)鍵用戶建立緊密關(guān)系 從終點到終點的集成 信息透明合作計劃由供應者管理庫存靈活快捷 質(zhì)量 電子交易 為用戶增值信息透明 合作計劃 充足 電子交易 多功能團隊 。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 65 1992年狀態(tài)：分段過程 供應者 工廠 分銷 售貨 客戶 計劃 計劃 計劃 計劃 計劃 物料供應 物料供應 運作 運作 定貨 定貨 定貨 信息流斷裂 物流不連續(xù)庫存積壓 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 McGrath公司的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)： 發(fā)貨能力提高： 1618% 庫存減少： 2560% 定單履約周期縮短： 3050% 預測準確性提高： 2580% 總生產(chǎn)率提高： 1016% 供應鏈成本降低： 2550% 補給率提高： 2030% 產(chǎn)量提高： 1020% 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 62 Perceived Benefit of SCMrelated Investments Demand Forecasting Marketing Sales Product Development Warehousing Transportation Inventory Management Purchasing Manufacturing 2 4 6 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 60 SCM Improvement Companies Continue to Invest ? Based on a survey of Fortune 1000 panies conducted by Lockheed Martin and Penn State’s Center for Logistics Research (with assistance from AMR Research and CGR Management) ? Approximately 33% of the respondents indicated they were engaging in SCM improvements in 1995. 64% were making improvements in 1997. ? 45% of respondents believe they will be making SCM improvements in the each of the next three years ? “Leading” panies showed a pattern of continued investment in SCM Improvements 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 58 Scope of SCOR processes ? Order management – Enter and maintain orders, generate quotations, configure product, create and maintain customer database, manage allocations, maintain product/price database, manage accounts receivable, credits, collections and invoicing ? Warehouse management – Pick, pack and configure products, create customer specific packaging/labeling, consolidate orders, ship products ? Transportation and installation management – Manage traffic, manage freight, manage product import/export – Schedule installation activities, perform installation, verify performance ? Manage deliver infrastructure – Manage channel business rules, order rules, manage deliver inventories, manage deliver quality Deliver 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 56 Scope of SCOR processes ? Sourcing/material acquisition – Obtain, receive, inspect, hold, and issue material ? Manage sourcing infrastructure – Vendor certification and feedback, sourcing quality, inbound freight, ponent engineering, vendor contracts, initiate vendor payments Source 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 54 Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR) Process Definition Customers Suppliers P1 Plan Supply Chain Plan P2 Plan Source P3 Plan Make P4 Plan Deliver Source Make Deliver S1 Source Stocked Products M1 MaketoStock M2 MaketoOrder M3 EngineertoOrder S0 Source Infrastructure M0 Make Infrastructure D0 Deliver Infrastructure D1 Deliver Stocked Products D2 Deliver MTO Products D3 Deliver ETO Products P0 Plan Infrastructure S2 Source MTO Products S3 Source ETO Products 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 52 What is a process reference model? Process reference models integrate the wellknown concepts of business process reengineering, benchmarking, and process measurement into a crossfunctional framework Quantify the operational performance of similar panies and establish internal targets based on “bestinclass” results Benchmarking Characterize the management practices and software solutions that result in “bestinclass” performance Best Practices Analysis Process Reference Model Capture the “asis” state of a process and derive the desired “tobe” future state Business Process Reengineering Capture the “asis” state of a process and derive the desired “tobe” future state Quantify the operational performance of similar panies and establish internal targets based on “bestinclass” results Characterize the management practices and software solutions that result in “bestinclass” performance Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model (Supply Chain Council) 2020/7/7 ERP amp。 應用層： 允許在不同的準則下詢問數(shù)據(jù)庫 數(shù)據(jù)層： 需求數(shù)據(jù)，成本數(shù)據(jù)，地理位置。 傳輸層： 開放式查訪 INTERNET，無防火墻。 SCM 北京理工大學管理與經(jīng)濟學院 甘仞初 51 角色：客戶（最終用戶） 表達層 ： 查找合適的產(chǎn)品分銷者