績效考核對多目標管理的優(yōu)化-資料下載頁
2024-12-16 23:35本頁面
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【正文】 the world39。s preference structure is relentlessly homogenized. Consider the cases of CocaCola and PepsiCola, which are globally standardized products sold everywhere and weled by everyone. Both successfully cross multitudes of national, regional and ethnic taste buds trained to a variety of deeply ingrained local preferences of taste, flavor, consistency,effervescence and aftertaste. Everywhere both sell well. Cigarettes,too, especially Americanmade, yearly make global inroads on territories previously held in the firm grip of other, mostly local, blends. The most effective world petitors incorporate superior quality and reliability into their cost structures. They sell in all national markets the same kind of products sold at home or in their largest export market. They pete on the basis of appropriate value ! the best binations of price, quality, reliability and delivery for products that are globally identical with respect to design, function and even fashion. That, and little else, explains the surging success of Japanese panies dealing worldwide in a vast variety of products both tangible products like steel, cars, motorcycles, hifi equipment, farm machinery, robots, microprocessors, carbon fibers, and now even textiles, and intangibles like banking, shipping, general contracting, and soon puter software. Nor are highquality and lowcost operations inpatible, as a host of consulting anizations and data engineers argue with vigorous vacuity. The reported data are inplete, wrongly This study has shown that in general the quality of an approximation set cannot be pletely described by a (finite) set of distinct criteria such as diversity and distance. Hence, binary quality indicators represent the lowest level of representation on which it is still possible to detect whether an algorithm performs better than another in terms of the quality of the outes. On the other hand, this does not mean that unary quality indicators are generally useless. In conjunction with a _patible and _plete parison method, they can be used to further differentiate between inparable approximation sets and to focus on specific, usually problemdependent aspects. However, we have to be aware that they often represent preference information and therefore for each problem the assumptions and knowledge exploited should be clearly specified. A more detailed discussion of this issue can be found in.
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