【正文】 rm first used by Stein to describe thepostwar I generation of American writers: men and women haunted by a sense ofbetrayal and emptiness brought about by the destructiveness of the full ofyouthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, hadlove affairs and created some of the finest American literature to the threebestknown representatives of lost generation are Fitzgerald, Hemingway andJohn dos Beat Generation is a group of American young writersand artists popular in the 1950s and early member of the beat generationwere new bohemian libertines, who engaged in a spontaneous, sometimes messy, beat writers produced a body of written work controversial both for its advocacy of non conformity and for its non conforming major writing are jack Kerouac’s on the road and Allen Ginsberg’s DreamThe is the idea held by many in the United States that through hard work, courage and determination one could achieve were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of : A mon term of variable meaning, imagery includes the “mental pictures” that readers experience with a passage of signifies all the sensory perceptions referred to in a poem, whether by literal description, allusion, simile, or American Puritanism was practice and belief of were the people who wanted to purify the Church of England and then were persecuted in came to America for various because they were a group of serious and religious people, they carried a code of value and a philosophy of them, religion was the most important accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement for God’s also believed in hard working, piety and a word, American Puritanism exerted great influences upon American thought and literature.第四篇：美國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀的名詞解釋(全) Puritanismit es from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th sin, predestination（預(yù)言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American , hardworking, piousness（虔誠(chéng),盡職），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were : the literature term was first applied to the writers of the 18thcentury in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19thcentury who stimulated（刺激）the sentimental emotions of their wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and Romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and (先驗(yàn)說(shuō),超越論): is a philosophic and literary movement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism(理性主義and喀爾文主義).Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the representative writers are Emerson and colorism: as a trend became dominant in American literature in the 1860s and early 1870s，it is defined by Hamlin Garland as having such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native stories of local colorism have a quality of circumstantial(詳細(xì)的)authenticity(確實(shí)性), as local colorists tried to immortalize(使不朽)the distinctive natural, social and linguistic is characteristic of vernacular(本國(guó)語(yǔ))language and satirical(諷刺的)humor of consciousness（意識(shí)流）： It is one of the modern literary is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowingincessantly。 Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an Age of Realism came into came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really expresses the concern for monplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience: American naturalism was a new and harsher naturalism had been shaped by the war。by the social upheavals（劇變）that undermined the forting faith of an earlier ’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of forting moral attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social （意象派）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the from 1909 to movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy ： It was a plex and diverse（復(fù)雜多樣的）international movement in all the creative arts（創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)），originating about the end of the 19th provided（出現(xiàn)）the greatest creative renaissance of the 20th was made up of many facets（方面），such as symbolism，surrealism（超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義），cubism（立體主義），expressionism，futurism（未來(lái)主義），ect Lost generation： it refers to a group of young intellectuals（知識(shí)分子）who came back from war，were injured（受傷害）both physically（身體上）and mentally（精神上）.They lived by indulging（放任）themselves in theBohemian（波西米亞）way of American dream was disillusioned（破滅了）.The best representative of the lost generation was Ernest Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard usually implies a successful and satisfying（知識(shí)界精華）and the freedoms guaranteed by the Harlem Renaissance：refers to the flowering of African American literature, art, and drama