【正文】 lieved above all in individualism, independence of mind and selfreliance他崇尚英勇，并不忌諱變化和有沖突的思想he admired courage, he was not afraid of changing or clashing ideas. 2． 他的散文同他的詩(shī)歌一樣極富個(gè)性，他的許多隨筆是由日記中的一些詞條，演講中的內(nèi)容，筆記里的東西等 整理出來(lái)的，這些作品往往缺乏比較好的組織結(jié)構(gòu)；然而他構(gòu)句的水平卻相當(dāng)高超，一些經(jīng)過(guò)推敲后的句子不僅思想深刻，而且讓人難以忘懷his prose style is sometimes as highly individual as his poetry. Many of his essays were put together from his journal entries, speeches, and random notes, and they are often somewhat disorganized. Yet his skill in polishing each sentence into a striking thought makes his writing memorable. 3． 教材作品：《論自然》：“Nature”。 《論自助》：“SelfReliance” 六、Henry David Thoreau亨利戴維梭羅18171862 1． 他是愛默生最忠實(shí)的信徒，是他把愛默生的許多理論付諸了實(shí)踐he was Emerson’s truest disciple, who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories. 2． 教材作品：《沃爾登 我生活的地方；我為何生活》：“Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”在這部書中闡釋了他去體驗(yàn)這種生活的原因，他認(rèn)為一個(gè)一星期最好工作一天，而剩下的六天時(shí)間則用來(lái)思索，他也認(rèn)為人類心靈的自助和獨(dú)立最為重要，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活方式he explained many of the beliefs that led him to try this kind of life. He thought it better for a man to work one day a week and the rest of the week could be devoted to thought. For Thoreau, as for Emerson, selfreliance and independence of mind ranked above all each should find out his own way of living. 七、Nathaniel Hawthorne納撒尼爾霍桑 1．他是通過(guò)觀察和聆聽別人談話來(lái)獲得創(chuàng)作素材的，聽人家講的一些新英格蘭口頭故事、民間傳說(shuō)及各種鬼怪趣事Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others whose talk was filled with New England Lore, legend, and superstition. 2． 霍桑獨(dú)特的才能主要表現(xiàn)在他能夠通過(guò)一些極具象征意義的故事來(lái)觸摸人類靈魂深處的道德品質(zhì)，最好的例 證便是波士頓清教徒引以自?shī)实摹都t字》，小說(shuō)的每一個(gè)字，每一幅畫面和每一個(gè)事件都能夠達(dá)到了一個(gè)特定的效果，它講述了關(guān)于罪的故事，罪對(duì)不同人的影響以及有些人獲得拯救的故事Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a plex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them. 6． 在他的短篇小說(shuō)中，他通過(guò)活生生，極有象征意味的想象來(lái)體現(xiàn)人類社會(huì)的一些重大道德問(wèn)題his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories?；羯５慕艹鲋幵谟谒馨岩粋€(gè)故事安放在自己設(shè)置的正義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之中來(lái)講述，他在書中所講的正義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成為了當(dāng)時(shí)人們的道德參考it was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol. 8． 教材作品：《紅字》：“The Scarlet Letter” 八、Herman Melville赫爾曼麥爾維爾18191891 1．1. 《白鯨》主要講述了一個(gè)為追捕一只想象中的神秘白鯨的漫長(zhǎng)海上故事，這本書達(dá)到了象征主義手法的創(chuàng)作高峰，這種寫法強(qiáng)烈地吸引了現(xiàn)在社會(huì)的讀者 “Moby Dick”, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century. 2．教材作品：《白鯨》：“Moby Dick” 運(yùn)用船來(lái)象征社會(huì)，苦苦追尋和探討了人類善與惡的問(wèn)題，船就是社會(huì)的一個(gè)縮影，里面有各種各樣的人物uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahab’s ship was like a world in miniature with characters from all walks of life.九、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利沃茲沃思朗費(fèi)羅18071882 1．在《海華沙》中，他采用芬蘭民間故事寫作手法追憶了美洲印第安人的傳說(shuō)using Finish folk meter in his celebration of American Indian Legends in “Hiawatha”.他最大的成就就是他使詩(shī)歌成為了人人都能看，都能寫的一種文學(xué)體裁his greatest virtue is that he made poetry seem worth reading and worth writing. 他的詩(shī)歌因高雅宜人，純正有韻味而大受歡迎h(huán)e gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime. 6．教材作品：《人生禮贊》：“A Psalm of Life”。 《奴隸的夢(mèng)》：“The Slave’s Dream”。 《逝去的青春》；“My Lost Youth”。 《海華沙之歌 海華沙的禁食》“The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting”