美國(guó)文學(xué)史選讀-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 erial benefits and cause overwhelming social disorders. 3. 這段時(shí)間大部分作家思想受到了新大陸本身所處環(huán)境及歐洲早期浪漫主義思潮雙理影響The attitudes of America’s writers were shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantics traditions of Europe. 4. 浪漫主義共同點(diǎn)romantics shared certain general characteristics:他們都注重道德，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義價(jià)值觀及直覺(jué)感 覺(jué)，并且認(rèn)為自然是美的源頭，人類社會(huì)是腐敗之源moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption. 6． 超驗(yàn)主義（1830s—the Civil War）：既不講究邏輯，也不講究系統(tǒng)，它只強(qiáng)調(diào)超越理性的感受，超越法律和世 俗束縛的個(gè)人表達(dá)，他們相信精神上的超越，相信無(wú)所不能的善的力量，強(qiáng)調(diào)善為萬(wàn)物之源，萬(wàn)物都是善的一部分as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom. They believed in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”, an allpervading power for goodness from which all things e and of which all things are a part. 7． 美國(guó)早期的主要文學(xué)形式，說(shuō)教類及宣言類作品被長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)、短篇故事和詩(shī)歌所取代，成這一時(shí)期文學(xué)的主 要形式novels, short stories, and poems replaced sermons and manifestos as America’s principal literary forms. 8． From the early 1800s to the civil war 美國(guó)是一個(gè)充滿矛盾的國(guó)家，人們既有各種精神上的幻想，又有日益強(qiáng)烈 的物質(zhì)主義的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。弗瑞諾（17521832） 1． 革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期最杰出作家perhaps the most outstanding writer of the PostRevolutionary period 既是一位詩(shī)人也是 政治方面的新聞?dòng)浾遜ouble role as poet and political ，但本質(zhì)上卻屬浪漫主義類he was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit。杰弗遜（17431826） 1． 美國(guó)歷史上最為廣泛影響人物his thought and personality have influenced his countryman more deeply and remained more effectively humanitarian product of the Enlightenment,對(duì)各領(lǐng)域都有興趣：law, philosophy, education, science, mechanics….. 2． 盡全力為美國(guó)尋找一條自由、自我之路：where the people might have a fresh start toward liberty, selfhood. 作為 人文主義都他注重人本身的德行和能力，不看重世俗中特權(quán)a humanist looked to merit and ability alone, not to privilege法律保障每個(gè)人與生俱來(lái)的權(quán)利the natural rights of man must be secured by law inalienably for all, irrespective of station 政府是一個(gè)必要的魔鬼，政府在普遍贊同下才合法，其目的是為個(gè)人謀福利，而不是壓榨與剝削人民。富蘭克林17061790 殖民地時(shí)期作家。杰弗遜《獨(dú)立宣言》 Thomas Jefferson “Declaration of Independence” 2． 在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面，英國(guó)要求美出口原材料，后從英國(guó)購(gòu)回高成本的機(jī)器they hampered colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country. 3． 在政治方面，要求他們歸英國(guó)政府統(tǒng)一管理，交各種稅收但在議會(huì)中卻沒(méi)有代表by ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament. 4． 美獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了八年（17761783）The War for Independence. 諾亞他大部分作品關(guān)于宗教的，大部分詩(shī)歌直接以贊美詩(shī)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作的most of Taylor’s work treated religious themes, with many poems based directly on the Psalms. 在世時(shí)沒(méi)出版過(guò)作品，1937年發(fā)現(xiàn)手稿，1960年泰勒詩(shī)歌全集。布萊德斯特和愛(ài)德華科登和羅杰布拉德福德和約翰 6. 船長(zhǎng)約翰History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ)美國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀1PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主義時(shí)期的文學(xué) 1. 17世紀(jì)早期English and European explorers開(kāi)始登陸美洲。 4. 美國(guó)早期文學(xué)主要為the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日記和日志)， 他們寫關(guān)于the land with dense forests and deepblue lakes and rich soil. 5. 第一批美國(guó)永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亞詹姆斯頓)。一、William Bradford and John Winthrop威廉馬瑟寫道：他是眾人之福，也是眾人之父“a mon blessing and father to them all” 2． John Winthrop:《新英格蘭歷史》“The History of New England”.1630年登上“阿貝亞”（Arbella）to Massachusetts 并開(kāi)始寫日記keep a journal and to the rest of his notable for its candid simplicity and honesty
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