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翻譯技巧總結(jié)-資料下載頁(yè)

2025-10-12 12:40本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 (后)……才”。副詞“才”在漢語(yǔ)中表示某事發(fā)生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 從句的復(fù)合句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生得晚或慢時(shí),就可以應(yīng)用這種譯法。這里又有兩種情況,一種是主句主語(yǔ)為名詞或代詞,另一種是主語(yǔ)與非人稱it。The train had left before he got to the 。It seemed a long time before my turn 。3,連詞before 與barely,scarcely, hardly 連用時(shí)還可譯成“剛……就”。在漢語(yǔ)中,“就”強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句與從句的動(dòng)作一前一后緊接著或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,即可用此譯法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles 。We had scarcely left our school before it began to 。4,如果原文主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式則可譯成“就”、“便”、或“快”。這又分主句主語(yǔ)為名(代)詞和it 兩種情況。I had not waited long before she 。It was not long before he got to know 。5,假使原文目的在于渲染從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,主句動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生,可譯成“未……就”或“還沒(méi)有(來(lái)得及)…… 就”。The day began to break before we got to the 。Before I could say a single word, he ran 。另外,像before he knew it 一類習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,則可譯成“不……(就)”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew 。6,譯為“趁(著)”,或用反說(shuō),譯成“不然會(huì)”、“要不就”、“沒(méi)”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too 。I’ll do it now before I ,我現(xiàn)在就做。She arrived before I 。7,某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中的連詞before 可譯成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can 。Look before you 。有些習(xí)語(yǔ)中的before 也可譯成“未……先”。Don’t count your chickens before they are ,勿先數(shù)雛。此外,連詞before 還作“與其……(寧愿)”(rather than)講,通常可以為“寧可……也不(肯)”、“寧愿…… 決不”等。例如:We will die before we give 。He would die before he 。以上羅列了連詞before 的幾種常見(jiàn)的譯法。英漢表達(dá)方式很不相同,具體譯法,須根據(jù)具體情況而定(二)Good 一詞,在英語(yǔ)中該算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很強(qiáng),而且也常見(jiàn)于科技文章中。一看到good,我們便自然而然得會(huì)想到“好的”這一詞義。然而,在一些場(chǎng)合,good 的譯法卻是頗費(fèi)躊躇 的。1,可譯為“好的”,但概念模糊:如good fish(好魚),是指品種,大小還是新鮮程度呢?2,勉強(qiáng)可譯為“好的”,但不搭配:如Good fire 若譯為“很好的爐火”是可以理解的,但不如譯為“旺盛的 爐火”。3,譯成“好的”反而錯(cuò)了:如good hard work 不是指“一項(xiàng)好的但卻艱巨的工作”,而是指“一項(xiàng)十分艱巨 的工作”。為什么這樣普通的詞在翻譯時(shí)卻難處理呢?其原因有二: 第一,只知其一,不知其二、三有的詞有一個(gè)義項(xiàng),有的詞有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上義項(xiàng)。good 一詞,在《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭典》中就有十 八項(xiàng)釋義,如不能全面地掌握這些義項(xiàng),翻譯時(shí)就會(huì)遇到困難。第二,不善舉一反三,觸類旁通從語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展來(lái)看,一個(gè)詞總會(huì)有一個(gè)最原始的或最基本的詞義(叫做本義),而其他的詞義是由這個(gè)詞 發(fā)展或引申而來(lái)的(叫做引申義)。引申,就是由原義產(chǎn)生新義。選擇詞義難就難在這個(gè)“新”字上。一是 英語(yǔ)單詞本身已有引申義。這就要勤查字典,從諸多詞義中去挑選最合適的詞義。二是詞典中所有詞義都 不貼切,要根據(jù)漢譯的需要去創(chuàng)造新義,而新義又必須與本義相關(guān)聯(lián)。如good 一詞在英語(yǔ)中已有引申義 “strong,vigorous(強(qiáng)健的,有力的)”。因此,His eyesight is still “他的視力仍 然很強(qiáng)?!保╣ood 由“好的”引申為“強(qiáng)的”)。而在下面的例句中,good 可引申為“高度的”。To produce strong Xrays the tube had to be made a very good ,就必須制成高度的真空。而“高度的”這一詞義,在《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭典》、《遠(yuǎn) 東英漢大辭典》等的漢語(yǔ)釋義中都是沒(méi)有的,因而可算是新創(chuàng)的?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們以《現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭 典》為據(jù),列舉good 一詞的幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)來(lái)觀察它在漢譯時(shí)是如何引申和再引申的。為了節(jié)省篇幅,只探討 作為形容詞用的而且常用于科技文章中的幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)的譯法,不涉及用于生活、口語(yǔ)和文學(xué)時(shí)的譯法,也不 涉及用于問(wèn)候語(yǔ)、客氣的稱呼、贊揚(yáng)之詞以及片語(yǔ)和復(fù)合詞的用法。為了方便,在此不再引用其英語(yǔ)的釋 義而用其對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)譯義,每一詞義只舉一例。(1)、美好的;良好的;令人滿意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良導(dǎo)體 漢譯時(shí)引申:1,a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2,good oil 提純了的油3,a good money 真的貨幣 4,a good river 暢通的河道 5,good English 規(guī)范的英語(yǔ)6,Good switches move 。(good 引申為“優(yōu)質(zhì)的”)7,That engine sounds 。(good 引申譯為“正常”)8,the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the 。(good 引申譯為“容易”)9,A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric 。(good example 引申譯為“典型的例子”)10,In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently ,若發(fā)射機(jī)的信號(hào)很 強(qiáng),這種拉桿天線可產(chǎn)生清晰的圖象(good picture 引申譯為“清晰的圖象”)11,Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of ,這些特性使它在許多情況下成為一種更理 想的光源。(good 引申譯為“理想的”)(2)、有益的Milk is good food for 。漢譯時(shí)引申: 1,good gradient平緩的坡度2,It is no good heating the material to such a 的。(good 引申為“恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保?)、能勝任的;有能力的;能干的 漢譯時(shí)引申:1,a good chess player 高明的棋手2,A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a 天也許能翻譯兩千到三千個(gè)詞。(good 引申譯為“熟練的”)(4)、徹底的;完全的The workers gave the machine a good 。漢譯時(shí)引申: 1,have a good drink 喝個(gè)痛快2,It has been thought of making good use of the suns energy to serve the wellbeing of the 。(good 引申譯為“充分”)3,This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 ,因而具有12 伏足電的汽車蓄電池在你看電視十小時(shí)后仍能用于開車。(good 引申為“充足的”)4,Rivers provide good sources of 。(good 引申譯為“豐富 的”)5,The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current 電路得到廣泛的使用,因?yàn)樗塬@得高電壓增益和高電流增益。(good...gains 引申譯為“高……增益”)(5)、可靠的;安全的;確實(shí)的a car with good brakes 剎車可靠的汽車 a good investment 安全的投資漢譯時(shí)引申: good debts 確可償還的債務(wù)__第三篇:漢英翻譯技巧漢英翻譯技巧第一節(jié) 漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主語(yǔ)句的英譯處理一、祈使句對(duì)應(yīng)為祈使句。Handle with ,看菜吃飯。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the ,不為牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a 、采用英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)譯出 采用英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯的漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主語(yǔ)句一般的情況:一是某些表示事物存在的無(wú)主語(yǔ)句;二是有些句子突出賓語(yǔ)部分,在翻譯時(shí)可以不用補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ)而用原句中的賓語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。More apartments will be built ,可以將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔?。The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a ,詳細(xì)地規(guī)定了雙方必須履行的各種條件。In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in ,就無(wú)法了解人生。Life cannot be understood without much 、采用倒裝語(yǔ)序 。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and ,忽的從樹林里竄出一只老虎來(lái)。Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the 。In the mountain lived on an old 、采用 THERE BE 結(jié)構(gòu) 例句:沒(méi)有順利,無(wú)所謂困難;沒(méi)有困難,也無(wú)所謂順利。Without facility, there would be no difficulty。without difficulty, there would also be no 。There is very little time ,各有所愛(ài)。There is no accounting for 。Without water there would be no 。There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to are wanted 、采用 IT 作主語(yǔ)譯出例句:要解決問(wèn)題,還必須做系統(tǒng)、周密的調(diào)查工作和研究工作。In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and ,倍感快樂(lè)。It is a great joy to battle against 。It is never too old to :學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之,不亦說(shuō)乎?有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái),不亦樂(lè)乎?Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends e from afar?六、增添適當(dāng)?shù)拇~或名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 例句: 知彼知己,百戰(zhàn)不殆。If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without ,焉得虎子。If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s 、因文制宜,區(qū)別對(duì)待例句:未經(jīng)審批機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn),合同中不得規(guī)定禁止接受方在合同期滿后繼續(xù)使用技術(shù)的條款。Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract ,這就使英語(yǔ)在國(guó)際外交場(chǎng)合使用得更為廣泛了。The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the ,就再無(wú)奧妙可言了。It will leave nothing
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