【導(dǎo)讀】會的可行性等方面.在中國的城市設(shè)計實踐中,由于時間限制,認(rèn)識不足,在很多...

　　

【正文】 usually the decision was made directly by the leadership, then specialized technical personnel were in charge of the design, and construction started soon after approval of the design. Such a process could not guarantee the rationality of the decision making as it lacked an overall and prehensive discussion at the earlier stage. It might be able to solve some urgent problems, but it was apt to overlook the major problems of the city and leave a regret for us, as it lacked overall consideration. Now， the work of general planning is mostly done by the middle management personnel, with the help of the technical personnel, and the decisionmaking leadership chiefly plays the guiding role, and seldom participates in specific planning. Diagram 32 The Major Contents of Work Done by Different Levels of Management in Their Participation in the General Plan In the course of the planning studies of the Olympic Games of 2020 of Beijing, a great deal of work was done in regard to the problem of site selection, which was participated in chiefly by two kinds of institutions. One was the coordination mittee set up for the application campaign for the Olympics, namely, Coordination Committee for Beijing39。s Application for the Olympic Games of 2020, which was established on March 31, mittee was headed by the mayor in charge of the Olympic affairs, and its members included persons from many aspects, such as the municipal government, the programming mittee, the programming bureau, the mission of sports, the planning institute, the environmental protection bureau, the transportation bureau and so on。 under the mittee, there were some offices, which also included managerial personnel and technical personnel. The coordination mittee was the coordinator of the entire undertaking. First of all, it should finish the work of the earlier stage， including setting of the basic tasks and objects of the Olympic programming, clarifying the requirements of the Olympic Games for the athletic fields and halls and the hosting city, doing investigation on the present sports facilities of Beijing, setting the sites and making preliminary plans, doing multipurpose decision making, and so on. In the further siting analysis， the coordination mittee was responsible for the following matters：To make the working scheme, anize the planning work, collect programs, arrange for the bidding of the program, report to the municipal government and higher policymaking bodies。 To provide study budget to cooperating institutions of scientific research, do task allocation and coordination work。 To provide available basic data to cooperating research institutions, learn about the opinions of the leaders and all parties concerned, and do munication work。 To do scheme synthesizing, refining and site selection work on the basis of the subject study, expert discussion and program bidding. At the same time, another type of institution was a scientific research cooperative formed by five institutions, namely, School of Architecture of Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing Institute of Environmental Protection, Architectural Design Institute of Ministry of Construction, and Academy of Architectural Design of Beijing City. Its task was to do research on the programming ideas, target and related topics proposed at the previous stage, to improve and discuss them, and to make a parative study on the site selection proposal put forward at the previous stage. Example： Beijing Wangfujing Shopping Mall Promoting Urban Designing and Organizing through Conceptual Planning In the present system of China, the technical management personnel does not have a clear status in the programming system, thus, designing work is more of an act of government and will of the leadership, and the technical staff usually only play an invisible role: exerting a subtle influence on the design work. However， in recent years, with the enhancement of the level of management of urban planning, professionals take part in the earlier stage of urban planning more and more, so as to make the designing more scientific and professional. The general planning of the modification work of Beijing Wangfujing Shopping Mall was carried out with the highdegreed participation by the technical personnel. In the project, it was actually Beijing Planning Institute that helped to plete the specific design in the way of conceptual planning, and boosted decision making for the programmed target. It is a typical mode of operation in the present system of China. Now we analyze the whole decisionmaking process in the development of Wangfujingv. 1） The Process of Participation by Professionals in the Decision Making for the Development The building of Wangfujing Street started in the Yuan dynasty, so it has a history of more than 730 years now. In the Qing dynasty, it was a place for officials to have a rest after work, and at the end of the Qing dynasty it gradually changed into a highend mercial district serving the upper crust. Because Dongjiao Minxiang is a place for foreign embassies, Wangfujing is different from other popular mercial places such as Dashilan and so on: it has formed a special mercial atmosphere with a noble and modern flavor. After liberation, Wangfujing continued to develop， still keeping its position of No. 1 shopping street of Beijing. In order to meet the need to build Beijing into a firstrate modern international city in the world, Beijing municipal government decided in 1992 to introduce foreign capital and use both internal and external forces to rebuild Wangfujing Shopping Street，thus, the development of Wangfujing was in the charge of the municipal government. From 1992 to 1997， the municipal government had an Office of Development and Construction of Wangfujing Area, hea