12存儲(chǔ)和搬運(yùn)決策-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 定定位器識(shí)別法 Fixed locatoridentification method ? 隨機(jī)定位識(shí)別方法 Random locatoridentification method ? 區(qū)域定位 Zone location CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 37 Handling Decisions (Cont’d) Increases cube utilization Stock Arrangement ? Onthesquare pallet layout ? Angular pallet layout Stock locatoridentification methods ? Fixed locatoridentification method ? Random locatoridentification method ? Zone location CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 38 Equipment Selection Onetime purchase of equipment of different types can be decided on basis of present value analysis, or by selecting the alternative with the lowest NPV. nnnniSiiiCINPV)1()1(1)1(?????where NPV = present value of equipment over its useful life ($) I = initial investment ($) C = annual operating cost ($) i = the discount, or hurdle, rate that such investments are expected to return Sn = salvage value in year n ($) n = useful life of the equipment (years) CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 39 Equipment Selection (Cont’d) Problem Two type A forklift trucks can do the same work as three type B trucks. Additional data are: CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 40 Equipment Selection (Cont’d) Solution Solve the NPV equation for the two alternatives. For truck type A, 000,33$)( 000,5)( 1)(000,4000,20 777 ??? ???ANPVFor truck type B, 040,36$)( 000,2)( 1)(000,6000,15 777 ??? ???BChoose two type A trucks CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 41 Equipment Replacement ?A financial problem ?Alternatives are pared through present value analysis ?Typical design concerns differing degrees of automation, capacity, and equipment life. Example A forklift truck that costs $3,000 and requires $200 to operate in its first year, but operating costs increase at the rate of $30 per year squared thereafter. Technological improvement reduces operating costs by $20 per year. The normal life of a truck is 10 years and the truck can be sold for its remaining undepreciated value. A discount rate of 20%/yr. is used. When should the truck be replaced? We calculate the equivalent annual cost according to ?????? ? ??????? ???? ?? 1)1()1()1()1(1 nnnj nnjjn iiiiSiCIAC42 Accumulates costs for years 1 and 2 Replacement Example aComputed as Cj =200 20(j1) + 30(j1)2 and accumulated when there is more than one year in the replacement cycle bComputed as Sn = I[(n)] Replace ment Cycle Time, n (1) Initial Invest ment, I (2) Total Operating Costs, C j (3) Discounted Operating Costs, C i j j j n ( ) 1 1 ? ? ? (4) Salvage Value, S n (5) Discounted Salvage Value, S i n n ( ) 1 ? (6) Discount Factor, i i i n n ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 ? ? (7)= (1+35)(6) Equivalent Average Annual Cost, AC n 1 $3,000 $200 a $167 $2,700 b $2,250 $1,100 2 3,000 410 312 2,400 1,668 1,068 3 3,000 690 475 2,100 1,215 1,062 4 3,000 1,100 672 1,800 868 1,094 5 3,000 1,700 913 1,500 603 1,092 6 3,000 2,550 1,198 1,200 402 1,138 7 3,000 3,710 1,522 900 251 1,196 8 3,000 5,240 1,878 600 140 1,232 9 3,000 7,200 2,258 300 58 1,300 10 3,000 9,650 2,653 0 0 1,357 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 1243 43 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！
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