12存儲(chǔ)和搬運(yùn)決策(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-26 07:29 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 $ Ne w Y or k B oston 10,000 $1,742 Ne w Y or k Clevelan d 12,000 2,894 Ne w Y or k Dalla s 8,000 4,177 Ne w Y or k S eatt le 10,000 5,709 40,000 To tal $14,522 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 Facility Evaluation (Cont’d) Shipments through pool point New York t o St Louis Inbound cost, $ From pool point t o custom er s at Transp or t ra te, $/cw t. Outbou nd cost. $ Total transpo rt cost, $ 400 cwt. cw t. Boston 4,172 Clevelan d 1,514 Da lla s 820 Seat tle 2 ,706 Totals $6,260 $9,212 $15,472 Now, add handling cost of $10/cwt. ? 400 cwt. = $4,000 for a total cost of $15,472 + 4,000 = $19,472. Conclusion No benefit to using the pool point. CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 15 When is a Pool Point Likely to be an Advantage? ?當(dāng)裝運(yùn)規(guī)模小 ?當(dāng)需求短缺 ?當(dāng)運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)性是重要的 ?當(dāng)池點(diǎn)（中轉(zhuǎn)庫(kù)）的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本相對(duì)于運(yùn)輸成本比較低 ?對(duì)服務(wù)而言，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)間不重要 CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 16 When is a Pool Point Likely to be an Advantage? ?When shipment sizes are small ?When demand is far from source points ?When transportation rate economies are significant ?When pool point operating costs are low relative to transportation costs ?When transfer times are insignificant to service CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 17 ? 控制成本 ? 搬運(yùn)通常是勞動(dòng)密集型活動(dòng) ? 原則成本降低通過(guò)以下途徑： ? 減少搬運(yùn)距離 ? 一次性處理單位數(shù)量增加 ? 一次訂單，一次揀貨 ? 提高儲(chǔ)存密度 18 ? 降低成本也可以通過(guò)以下活動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)： ? 精心規(guī)劃建筑物的物理布局 ? 訂單置于分揀區(qū) ? 自動(dòng)化或者輔助機(jī)械取代人力 ? 通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)幫助計(jì)劃建筑物內(nèi)的工作流程 19 Handling Decisions Control li ng cost s ? Ha n dling is t ypically a labo r int ens iv e acti vi ty ? Costs ar e de cr e ased by (p rinc i ple s) Re d uc in g dist ance t ra veled Incr e as i ng nu mber of unit s han dle d at on e t ime Seekin g mult iple ord er pi cking in a singl e orde r pi cking ro un d trip Incr e as i ng st or ag e den sity ? Cost re du ctio n is als o ach i eved by Ca r efully plan ning the phys ica l l ayout of the buildin g Ca r efully loca ting the items within the order pi ck in g ar ea Us i ng autom ation and m e ch a nic al a ssi sts a s labo r su b stitut es Us i ng c omput er syste ms to help plan the f low of wo r k through the b uilding CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 20 物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)選擇 ? 管理層在確定物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析中，應(yīng)考慮的問(wèn)題： ? （ 1）外部的物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)（例如托盤(pán)的使用） ? （ 2）倉(cāng)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)設(shè)備的選擇限制 ? （ 3）系統(tǒng)內(nèi)貨物性質(zhì)和規(guī)模對(duì)設(shè)備選擇的影響 ? （ 4）貨物的特性是系統(tǒng)選擇的決定性因素 ? （ 5）為了應(yīng)付意外情況而留出的余地也會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。 21 物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)選擇 ? 確定因素： ? 自動(dòng)化水平 ? 托盤(pán)尺寸 ? 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)量 ? 吞吐量水平 ? 產(chǎn)品特性 ? 應(yīng)急計(jì)劃 ? 金融分析處理系統(tǒng)的方案 22 Handling Decisions (Cont’d) S ystem S elect ion ? De term in ing f actors Leve l of aut omation Pa llet size Nu mber of stories Through put level Produ ct characteristics Co nting e nc y plan s ? Fin anc ia l a nal ysis of han dling system alterna tives CR (2023) Prentice Hall, Inc. 23 產(chǎn)品布局的決策 ? ? ? 24 存貨布局的方法 一、往返揀貨 二、揀貨員制定路徑 三、指定每位工作人員的揀貨區(qū)，揀貨員在其工作區(qū)域內(nèi)使用往返揀貨或揀貨員制定路徑的方式進(jìn)行揀貨 25 Prod uct Layout ? Se le cti on methods Out and back sele ctio n Pi cker routing De signated
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