【正文】 ese large panies had already invested heavily in Web sites that they believed would better meet the needs of their customers than any industry marketplace.這些大公司已經(jīng)在自己的網(wǎng)站上投入巨資，認為自己會比任何行業(yè)電子集市更好地滿足客戶。? For example, Cisco and Dell offer private stores for each of their major customers within their selling Web sites.例如：思科和戴爾都在自己的網(wǎng)站上偉大客戶提供專屬店鋪。? Other panies, such as Grainger and Milacron, provide additional services for customers on their sites.? 其他公司，例如 Grainger and Milacron公司還提供額外的服務(wù)。50 Private Company Marketplaces專屬電子集市? Large panies that purchase from vendors that are relatively small can exert great power over those vendors in purchasing negotiations.從許多小的供應(yīng)商那里采購的大公司在交易談判時也處于有利地位。? These panies can invest in procurement software.這些公司能在采購軟件商投資。? Companies that implement eprocurement software usually require their suppliers to bid for their business.? 實施了電子采購軟件的公司會要求供應(yīng)商在網(wǎng)上投標，51Private Company Marketplaces私人電子集市? When industry marketplaces opened for business, these large panies were reluctant to abandon their investments in eprocurement software.出現(xiàn)行業(yè)電子集市以后，這些大公司不愿意放棄自己在電子采購軟件方面的投資? These panies use their power in the supply chain to force suppliers to deal with them on their own terms rather than negotiate with suppliers in an industry marketplace.這些公司利用自己在供應(yīng)鏈上的權(quán)力，直接要求供應(yīng)商同自己交易，而不是在電子集市里同供應(yīng)商談判。? As marketplace software became more reliable, many of these panies developed private pany marketplaces.? 隨著電子集市軟件的逐漸可靠，這些公司開始建立專屬電子集市。52 Industry ConsortiaSponsored Marketplaces行業(yè)共同電子集市? Some panies had relatively strong negotiating positions in their industry supply chain, but did not have enough power to force suppliers to deal with them through a private pany marketplace.有些公司在行業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈中處于相對強勢的談判地位，但沒有強到迫使供應(yīng)商在專屬電子集市進行交易。? These panies began to form consortia to sponsor marketplaces.這些公司開始結(jié)盟共同建立電子集市? An industry consortiasponsored marketplace is a marketplace formed by several large buyers in a particular industry.? 行業(yè)共同電子集市是由某個行業(yè)多家大采購者聯(lián)合建立的電子集市53Marketplaces集市54復習題? 什么是直接物料和間接物料？為什么一家大公司會有兩個不同的部門來分別管理這兩種物料的采購？? 那些行業(yè)最先建立 EDI報文標準？為什么這些行業(yè)在制定標準會比其他行業(yè)更積極？? 給出知識管理的定義，并簡述一家管理咨詢公司建立內(nèi)部知識管理系統(tǒng)的三個優(yōu)點。? 供應(yīng)鏈上的企業(yè)彼此合作可以降低供應(yīng)鏈的成本，但在很多情況下，供應(yīng)鏈上各企業(yè)所節(jié)約的成本并不相同。試舉例說明。? 解釋一家公司加入行業(yè)組織電子集市而不建立自己公司電子集市的理由，不超過 300字。55? Define direct materials and indirect materials. Why would a large pany have two separate departments to manage the purchasing of each?? Large panies need to keep such different items separate, since one (direct materials) is related to the creation and sale of the goods or services, while the indirect materials include the nonproduction departments (accounting, research, IT, etc.) Most indirect materials departments are considered a drain on profits.56? Which industries were the first to establish standard EDI transaction sets? State why, in your opinion, these industries were more interested in setting standards than other industries.? The freight and shipping panies were the first, because they had the most paperwork to cover。 EDI made their paperwork system obsolete.57? Define knowledge management. Briefly describe three advantages that a management consulting firm could gain over its petitors by creating an internal knowledge management system?? Knowledge management is the intentional collection, classification, and dissemination of information about a pany, its processes, and its products and services. Some advantages include the ability to generate new ideas, help solve problems, and improve business processes.58? Companies in a particular supply chain can work together to eliminate costs from the supply chain. In many cases, these cost savings are not shared evenly among the panies. Using research resources on the Web or in your library, explain why some supply chain participants in your chosen industry can obtain more benefit than others from cost reductions in the supply chain.? Responses may vary, but should include an acknowledgement of different relationships and their trust of others (some businesses may not be as willing to share resources). 59? In about 300 words, describe the reasons a pany might have for wanting to participate in an industry consortium marketplace instead of setting up its own private pany marketplace.? Responses may vary, but should include a discussion of the power that a collection of panies can exert (as opposed to a single pany) over vendor prices and goods. 60演講完畢，謝謝觀看！