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臨床藥理arrhyth-資料下載頁

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【正文】 he vessel wall. This buildup results in plaque formation, vascular remodeling, acute and chronic luminal obstruction, abnormalities of blood flow, and diminished oxygen supply to target ans. ? Pathophysiology: ? The mechanisms of atherogenesis remain uncertain. ? The ” responsetoinjury” . Endothelial injury causes vascular inflammation and a fibroproliferative response ensues. ? Probable oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol causes endothelial injury。 ? infectious agents。 toxins, including the byproducts of cigarette smoking。 hyperglycemia。 and hyperhomocystinemia. ? Circulating monocytes infiltrate the intima of the vessel wall, and these tissue macrophages act as scavenger cells, taking up LDL cholesterol and forming the characteristic foam cell of early atherosclerosis. These activated macrophages produce numerous factors that are injurious to the endothelium. Endothelial injury ? The fatty streak may progress to form a fibrous plaque, the result of progressive lipid accumulation and the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Plateletderived growth, insulin like growth factor, transforming growth factors alpha and beta, thrombin, and angiotensin II are potent mitogens that are produced by activated platelets, macrophages, and dysfunctional endothelial cells that characterize early atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and plateletrich thrombosis at sites of endothelial disruption. lipid hypothesis ? The lipid hypothesis speculates that elevation in lipid plasma levels promotes lipid peration of arterial walls. In general, it is considered that this process is instigated by abnormal lipid metabolism or excessive dietary intake of cholesterol and saturated fats, particularly when coupled with a geic predisposition. Lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLs) are the primary atherogenic lipid, whereas highdensity lipoproteins (HDLs) have a protective effect and probably help mobilize LDLs. 調(diào)血脂藥及抗動脈粥樣斑塊藥 一 、 血脂與脂蛋白 血脂 :膽固醇 , 甘油三酯及磷脂 脂蛋白 :為脂類與載脂蛋白結(jié)合形成 , 分 4類 , HDL, LDL, VLDL和 CM 其中 HDL是抗動脈粥樣硬化脂蛋白 。 肝臟起源的脂代謝示意圖 細胞 LDL受體介導(dǎo) LDL進入細胞內(nèi)生成膽固醇;而非受體介導(dǎo)的 LDL進入巨噬細胞及平滑肌細胞變成泡沫細胞 , 沉積于動脈內(nèi)膜下 , 形成粥樣斑塊 。 膽固醇細胞內(nèi)合成:可影響外源性脂質(zhì)被細胞的利用 。 限速酶為 HMGCoA還原酶( 3羥甲基戊二酰輔酶 A還原酶 ) 降低膽固醇藥物: HMGCOA還原酶抑制劑,考來烯酸、煙酸的作用部位。 HMGCOA還原酶抑制劑和考來烯酸可反饋性增加 LDL受體的密度。 二 、 降血脂藥 HMGCoA還原酶抑制劑 (他汀類 ): Lovastatin( 洛伐他汀 ) , 普伐他汀 , 辛伐他汀 竟爭性抑制 , 使細胞內(nèi)膽固醇下降 , LDL受體增多 , 加速 LDL代謝 。 ⑴ 降脂作用:減少內(nèi)源性膽固醇的合成 , 使血中膽固醇 、 LDL和載脂蛋 apoB的濃度下降 , 最終達到抗動脈粥樣硬化的作用 。 ⑵非降脂作用:主要通過增加 NO改善內(nèi)皮功能,抗炎,抗血小板,抗凝,促纖溶。 他汀類主要的非脂類依賴性抗動脈粥樣斑塊作用—作用于血管壁和循環(huán)血液。主要通過增加NO改善內(nèi)皮功能;抗炎,抗血栓(抗血小板,抗凝,促纖溶 消膽胺 為樹脂類 。 在腸道與膽酸螯合 , 打斷腸肝循環(huán) 。降膽固醇 。 吉非羅齊 ( 安妥明類的支鏈脂肪酸衍生物 ) 加速 VLDL和 LDL的降解 , 主要降低甘油三酯 ,并可升高 HDL。 丙丁酚 增加 LDL分解 , 促膽固醇排出 。 防止 LDL過氧化 , 有效防止斑塊中膽固醇的沉積 。 家族性雜合子高膽固醇血癥 。 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH
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