【正文】 I was on my way home from tramping about the street. ? I was on my way home from tramping on the street, my drawings under my arm. ? I was on my way home from tramping on the street, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the gallery. ? 劃清主干 ——化整為零（分層次） ——分而譯之 ——化零為整 ? 斷句譯法， 即將長句斷開后化整為零， 分而譯之。斷句主要是把各種后置修飾語與其被修飾成分拆開，然后單獨敘述。 ? He felt that books and the knowledge in them were part of a world that was against him, a world to which he did not belong and which he did not want to enter, the world of which the teachers were representatives and symbols. ?逆序法：再重新組合語言的過程中，經(jīng)原文的一些語句順序打亂，或前置，或后置。 ? They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship. ?順序法：按時間的先后順序，邏輯的先后安排來翻譯。這種譯法與漢語的表達順序基本相同，可順譯而為。 ? The Security Council shall hold periodic meeting at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative. ? 轉(zhuǎn)句譯法，即把長句中的某些詞，詞組轉(zhuǎn)移成句子。 ? Pressure of work has somewhat delayed our tour。 anyway, another hour’s ride will bring us to the village. 由于工作很忙，行程稍遲了一些；不管怎樣，只要在行車一小時，我們就可以到達那個小村莊。主語轉(zhuǎn)句） ? After an hour, the trail took them by a low, spreading tree strung thickly with beads. 走了一個小時，他們走到了一個矮矮的枝繁葉茂的樹旁，樹上密密麻麻地掛滿了念珠。（定語轉(zhuǎn)句） 狀語從句的翻譯 ?翻譯狀語從句涉及的主要問題是語序問題。英漢兩種語言的思維方式表達習(xí)慣不盡相同。 英語的方式，比較，結(jié)果等狀語從句一般為與主句之后 ，其它狀語從句的位置則比較靈活。漢譯時，應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語的表達習(xí)慣， 比較和結(jié)果狀語從句放在主句之后，方式狀語從句可前可后，其它狀語從句通常在主句之前 。 ?狀語從句前置 ? We can certainly overe these difficulties so long as we are closely united.（條件） ?狀語從句后置 ? The temperature in the sun is so high that nothing can exist in solid state. (結(jié)果） ? 狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)譯 ? New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow. ? When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. ? If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. ? Skill and patience will succeed where force fails. 主語從句的翻譯 ?由代詞 what, how,等引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為“（所） … 的”結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. ? How the advanced worker managed to raise production is of interest to us all. ? Whatever, whoever等連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，是 what, who等的強調(diào)形式，一般譯為”所 … 的一切”，“無論誰 … 都”。 ? Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. ? Whatever was said here must be kept secret. ? Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder. ?由 that, what, whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句，一般位于句子的后面，代詞 it作形式主語放在句首。 It有時可以省略不譯，但表示強調(diào)時應(yīng)譯出。 ? It is often asked what the mechanism of cancer is. ? It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. ? It is a fact that the . has sent his fleet to all parts of the world. ? It is mon sense that a liquid has no definite shape, yet it has a definite volume. ? 主語從句可以直接放在句首，翻譯時可按原句語序。若表示強調(diào)，隱含的 it應(yīng)譯出。 ? That she is still alive is a consolation. ? That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 賓語從句的翻譯 ?翻譯由 that, what, how, whether, if等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時， 一般不改變語序。 ? I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. ?代詞 it做先行形式賓語時，漢譯時不改變語序，it省略不譯。 ? Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are in dispensable for one’s health and growth. ?從句作介詞 in的賓語時，常譯為原因狀語從句，可譯為“因為 …”, “ 在于 …”, “ 是由于 …”等來表達。介詞 except, but, besides, except that等后面的賓語從句，常采取斷句譯法，譯為并列分句。 ? Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. ? His account is correct except that some details are omitted. 表語從句的翻譯 ? That (this) is why… 句型有兩種翻譯方法：一種是順譯，譯為“這就是為什么 …”, 這就是 … 的原因”；另一種是倒譯 , 譯為“ …, 原因就在這里?！? ? This is why we decided to put the discussion off. 這就是我們決定推遲討論的原因。 我們決定推遲討論，原因就在這里。 ? This (It) is because… 采取順譯的方法，譯為“這是因為 …”, “ 這是由于什么的緣故 …” 等。 ? This is because people engaged in changing reality are usually subject to numerous limitations. ? This is what… 采取順譯或倒譯，譯為“這就是 … 的內(nèi)容”，或“ … 就是這個意思”。 ? This is what we have learned in this article. 同位語從句的翻譯 ?同位語從句一般由 that引導(dǎo)，在 idea, hope等先行詞后，進一步解釋說明?？梢圆扇№樞蚍?，換序譯法。 ?順序法：不改變語序，根據(jù)需要將先行詞譯為動詞，變?yōu)橹骶渲^語。 ? The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. ? He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys. ? 換序譯法：把同位語放在句子的前面 。 或者放在先行詞的前面，適當(dāng)改變先行詞的詞性。 ? There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by robots. 人類受機器人控制是不可能的。 ? The announcement that all flights were cancelled because of bad weather distressed the waiting passengers.