【正文】 ? This (It) is because… 采取順譯的方法，譯為“這是因為 …”, “ 這是由于什么的緣故 …” 等。英漢兩種語言的思維方式表達習慣不盡相同。 ? We are a nation that must beg to stay alive. ? She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 譯為獨立句 ? 由于非限定性定語從句與主句的關系比較松散，所以很多情況下可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為獨立的句子，關系代詞只作為一般的代詞，從句也變?yōu)榫渥拥闹黧w。（無主句） ? Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷術(shù)是從中國傳入歐洲的。在眾多的國外翻譯家中，奈達的翻譯理論可以說對我國的影響最大。這門課就圍繞這兩方面來進行。 ?用今天的話來說， “信”就是忠實準確，“達”就是通順流暢，“雅”就是文字古雅 。 ? It was founded in 1993… 它創(chuàng)建于 1993年 （主動句） ? They are ratified by members’ parliaments. 它們經(jīng)成員國議會批準。 ?翻譯非限定定語從句，這種方法更加常見。 anyway, another hour’s ride will bring us to the village. 由于工作很忙，行程稍遲了一些；不管怎樣，只要在行車一小時，我們就可以到達那個小村莊。 ? Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. ? His account is correct except that some details are omitted. 表語從句的翻譯 ? That (this) is why… 句型有兩種翻譯方法：一種是順譯，譯為“這就是為什么 …”, 這就是 … 的原因”；另一種是倒譯 , 譯為“ …, 原因就在這里?？梢圆扇№樞蚍ǎ瑩Q序譯法。 ?狀語從句前置 ? We can certainly overe these difficulties so long as we are closely united.（條件） ?狀語從句后置 ? The temperature in the sun is so high that nothing can exist in solid state. (結(jié)果） ? 狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)譯 ? New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow. ? When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. ? If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. ? Skill and patience will succeed where force fails. 主語從句的翻譯 ?由代詞 what, how,等引導的主語從句，常譯為“（所） … 的”結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? Is it history you are reading? ? The oil tanker carries crude oil to a refinery, where the oil is processed. ? There were men in the crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 譯成狀語從句 ?有些從句形式上是定語從句，但在語法功能及深層含以上卻起著狀語從句的作用，表示時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的，讓步，條件，假設等。 ? Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. 植物油自古以來就為人們所熟悉。 ?說到底，不管什么樣的翻譯標準，都離不開一個“真”字，換言之，譯文應該是原文信息的真實反映，譯者最大限度地將原文作者所賦予原文語言文字的“任務”轉(zhuǎn)譯到譯文里。如果只掌握了理論，而不去實踐，是不能成為好的翻譯人員的。 ? 1898年， 嚴復 在 《 天演論 》 的 《 譯例言 》中說：“譯事之難：信、達、雅。 ? The application of electronic puters makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity. ? There is considerable debate about how best and how much to reduce ine inequality. ? The board of directors will hold a consultation about the matter. ? The firm has a large business connection. ? There is a large attendance at the Fair. ? Withdraw of offer ? Revocation of offer ? Termination of offer ? Without his consent or confirmation ? She is a real beauty. ? Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. ? We find difficulty in solving this problem. ? It is our great pleasure to note that shipbuilding industry is developing vigorously. ? The blockade was a success. ? 人稱代詞的省略 ? 英語冠詞的省略 The bloodred sun sank below the horizon. 火紅的太陽沉入地平線。只要句子較短，無論是限定性定語從句，還是非限定性定語從句，都可以采用這種方法。這種譯法與漢語的表達順序基本相同，可順譯而為。 ? I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. ?代詞 it做先行形式賓語時，漢譯時不改變語序，it省略不譯。 或者放在先行詞的前面，適當改變先行詞的詞性。 It有時可以省略不譯，但表示強調(diào)時應譯出。 ? Don’t e unless I telephone. ? There is no rule that has no exceptions. ? There is no steel not containing carbon. ? Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. ? We shouldn’t be careless of consequences. ? Unusual occurrences in exporting are not unmon. ? An elaborate banquet consisting of 8 to 12 courses in business entertainment is not unmon in many Asian countries. 雙重否定 ?主 + never + V….+but + 從句 … 主 + nerve + V. + without + Ving… 每 … 必 … ? There is no + 名詞 + but + V… 沒有一個 … 不 … ? …few + 名詞 + but + V… 幾乎每個 … 都 … ? He never goes to a bookstore but he buys some books. ? He never goes to a bookstore without buying some books. ? There is no mother but loves her children. ? I know few people but are concerned about the air pollution. 部分否定 ? All, both, every… not 并非 … 所有，兩者，每一 not always, not necessarily 未必是 ? All men are not honest. ? Both his parents are not living. ? This train doesn’t stop at every stop. ? The rich are not always happy. ? Leaves are not necessarily green. 表示“也不”的倒裝句型 ?否定句 +and + 主語 + 助 V.（ aus.) + not, either (也不） 否定句 + and + nor, neither +助 V. (aus.)+ 主語 ? You do not smoke, nor do I. ? You do not smoke, and I don’t either. 否定句型 ? The last + 名詞 … + to +V. ,that (clause)… 再怎么說也不會的， 最不可能的 ? He is the last man for me to invite. ? This was the last thing I would do. ? Fail to + V. = be unable to + V. 未能， 沒有 ? Not, never, fail to + V. = V. + without fail 一定，務必 ? He failed to follow my advice. ? I never fail to keep my word. ?