【正文】 e whether he attends the meeting or not. ? It is a fact that the . has sent his fleet to all parts of the world. ? It is mon sense that a liquid has no definite shape, yet it has a definite volume. ? 主語(yǔ)從句可以直接放在句首，翻譯時(shí)可按原句語(yǔ)序。 ? Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are in dispensable for one’s health and growth. ?從句作介詞 in的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常譯為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，可譯為“因?yàn)?…”, “ 在于 …”, “ 是由于 …”等來(lái)表達(dá)。 我們決定推遲討論，原因就在這里?？梢圆扇№樞蚍?，換序譯法。 ? There is no possibility that human beings will ever be controlled by robots. 人類受機(jī)器人控制是不可能的。 ? The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. ? He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near the other boys. ? 換序譯法：把同位語(yǔ)放在句子的前面 。 ? This is because people engaged in changing reality are usually subject to numerous limitations. ? This is what… 采取順譯或倒譯，譯為“這就是 … 的內(nèi)容”，或“ … 就是這個(gè)意思”。 ? Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. ? His account is correct except that some details are omitted. 表語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 ? That (this) is why… 句型有兩種翻譯方法：一種是順譯，譯為“這就是為什么 …”, 這就是 … 的原因”；另一種是倒譯 , 譯為“ …, 原因就在這里。 ? That she is still alive is a consolation. ? That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 賓語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 ?翻譯由 that, what, how, whether, if等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， 一般不改變語(yǔ)序。 ? Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. ? Whatever was said here must be kept secret. ? Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder. ?由 that, what, whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，一般位于句子的后面，代詞 it作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首。 英語(yǔ)的方式，比較，結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)從句一般為與主句之后 ，其它狀語(yǔ)從句的位置則比較靈活。 anyway, another hour’s ride will bring us to the village. 由于工作很忙，行程稍遲了一些；不管怎樣，只要在行車一小時(shí)，我們就可以到達(dá)那個(gè)小村莊。 ? They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship. ?順序法：按時(shí)間的先后順序，邏輯的先后安排來(lái)翻譯。 ? No children will be admitted unless acpanied by an adult. 無(wú)大人陪伴，小孩不得入內(nèi)。 ? Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. ? He had talked to the vicepresident, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 譯為簡(jiǎn)單句 ?限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系比較密切，因此可以把主句和從句合并在一起，變成簡(jiǎn)單句。 ?翻譯非限定定語(yǔ)從句，這種方法更加常見(jiàn)。 譯為定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) ?較短的定語(yǔ)從句比較容易理解與其它成分之間的關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)，可將從句譯為定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，直接放在被修飾詞的前面。 ? 單詞合并 Tom’s father is dead and gone. 湯姆的父親死了。（判斷句） ? Our price has already been closely calculated. 我方價(jià)格是經(jīng)過(guò)精密核算的。 ? It was founded in 1993… 它創(chuàng)建于 1993年 （主動(dòng)句） ? They are ratified by members’ parliaments. 它們經(jīng)成員國(guó)議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。 ? 英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)形容詞，副詞 He noticed a very close agreement between the two countries on the problem. 他注意到兩國(guó)在這問(wèn)題上的意見(jiàn)是非常 一致的 。 ? 外語(yǔ)水平能力 ? 母語(yǔ)水平能力 ? 知識(shí)水平能力 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)行話 術(shù)語(yǔ) ? 應(yīng)用水平能力 ? 只有通過(guò)練習(xí)實(shí)踐，才能真正提高譯者的翻譯水平 Business negotiations ? The conclusion of a favorable sale contract results largely from careful and meticulous(極仔細(xì)的 。他認(rèn)為，翻譯的預(yù)期目的主要是 原文與譯文在信息內(nèi)容、說(shuō)話方式、文體、風(fēng)格、語(yǔ)言、文化、社會(huì)因素諸方面達(dá)到對(duì)等 。 ?用今天的話來(lái)說(shuō)， “信”就是忠實(shí)準(zhǔn)確，“達(dá)”就是通順流暢，“雅”就是文字古雅 。 ?信、達(dá)、雅 ”。 ?而商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯除了關(guān)系著翻譯，還涉及到很多商貿(mào)知識(shí)。 ?說(shuō)到翻譯呢，對(duì)于一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的翻譯人員的話， 理論是基礎(chǔ)，實(shí)踐是真理 。這門課就圍繞這兩方面來(lái)進(jìn)行。相反，沒(méi)有理論系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)，而有大量的翻譯實(shí)踐，有可能是以為合格的翻譯者。 ?國(guó)內(nèi)外翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)百家爭(zhēng)鳴、白花齊放?！焙髞?lái)一般就把“信、達(dá)、雅”當(dāng)作翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在眾多的國(guó)外翻譯家中，奈達(dá)的翻譯理論可以說(shuō)對(duì)我國(guó)的影響最大。 譯者應(yīng)具備的能力 ? 翻譯過(guò)程是一個(gè)語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)化的過(guò)程，涉及跨語(yǔ)言，跨文化的內(nèi)容。 customs formalities clearance → collect the consignments from the forwarder at the port of entering → fetch the goods to the plant for production → get the quality certificate from the CCIB (China Commodity Inspection Bureau 中國(guó)商品檢驗(yàn)局 ) → plain and claim. Methods and techniques ?翻譯的形式 ?直譯 (literal translation) 不等于 對(duì)譯 ? 意譯 (free translation) ?活譯 (dynamic equivalence translation) ? They don’t know their right hand from their left. ? I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. ? All roads lead to Rome. ? I want to hit the sack and get some Z’s. ? Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate. ? Maybe he has cut off his own head and destroyed himself. ? Cast pearls before swine. ? She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. ? I threw myself in a chair. ? He has to make a terrible decision. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 (, 106, 236) ? 英語(yǔ)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 （與英語(yǔ)中名詞轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞詞義不同） All I wanted was to go somewhere, all I wanted was a change. 我只不過(guò)是想到別的地方去，我只想 換換空氣 。 減詞法 Could you help me in any way? 你能幫幫我嗎？ 翻譯中的省略 , 增減 ? Don’t put your hands in your pocket. ? I am afraid she will e. ? We had much rain last summer. ? We live and learn. ? They say he is a genius. ? Give him an inch and he’ll take an ell. ? Liquids are like solids in that they have definite volume. ? The average American changes his or her job nine or