【正文】 plays: a) His first collection of plays known as the First Folio was published by his fellow actor, John Heminges and Henry Condell. It Has 36 Plays, not including Pericles3.His achievements: 154 sonnets, 37 plays (14 edies, 12 tragedies and 11 historical plays)and two long poems periods in play –writing : A. Features of the lst period(before 1594). It’s Shakespeare’s early experimental period. 1)It is marked by youthfulness and rich imagination. 2) by extravagance of language 3) by the frequent use of rhymed couplets with blank verse. 4)He looked upon the world as a just one. Justice would eventually win in the end.5) love, faith, work and duty were the four elements that made the world right. B)His major works (edies) The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew and Love’s Labour Lost. Two(15941600)a)Features: 1) He worked as a master in play writing. 2) It was a period of rapid growth and development of his artistic power. 3) His wit was at is best. 4) He had a keen insight into human nature, great power of expression and genius for constructing a play. 5) To this period belong his best history plays.b) What are the Rosalinds and Orlandos ?1) They refer to characters in Shakespeare’s edies in his second period. 2) The are young full of love and have ideal of happiness as well as of victory through struggle. 3) The heroes and heroines fight against destiny. 4) They are the sons and daughters of the Renaissance. 5) they trust not in God but in themselves. c) His works 1) edies: A Mid –Summer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, The Merry Wives of Windsor and As You like It . 2)Tragedies: Romeo and Juliet 3) History: Henry V C. Period Three (16001608)a) Features: 1) The Period of gloom and depression. 2) He was concerned with deepest matters of human life. 3) He grew in experience, in vision and in sympathy.4) His belief and trust in mankind had been shattered.b)Works: He produced his four greatest tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth. D. Period Four (Dramatic Romances) (after 1608): a) Features: 1) A period of unrealistic promise and fantasy. 2) A period of restored serenity and tolerant resignation. 3) His latest plays including The Tempest have happy endings. 4) He sounds again a note of calmness and hope and serene wisdom. b) Major works: The Tempest, A winter’s Tale, Cymbeline great edies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night. 人物分析1.Analyze Hamlet: a) He’s a humanist free from medieval prejudice and superstition. b) He has love for the world rather than heaven.c) He loves good and hates evil. d) He is a close observer. He can easily see through people e) He is a scholar, soldier and statesman all rolled into one.2.Othello : a) A new man of the Renaissance. b) A great soldier, too noble to suspect those he loves. c) He has moral beauty. d) He belongs to the future of the world . e) His tragedy is that of humanism. 3.Macbeth : a) He is the character of Macbeth by Shakespeare. 麥克佩斯b) He is a plicated and contradictory man c) He is a courageous (brave) and clever. d) He is greedy and ambitiouse) He bees the prey of his ambition. f) Longing for power drove him to crime.1.What is responsible for Othello’s tragedy? 奧賽羅a) Iago’s envy and intrigue .b) Othello is jealous and simple—minded. c) The evils of the society. d) Racial prejudice. e) His tragedy is the tragedy of humanism.2.Theme of King Lear: a.) Filial b) King Lear wanted to divide his kingdom.c) Living in her elder daughter’s house only with his title. d) His elder daughter drove him mad. e) His youngest daughter went to revenge her elder sister. The play ends with the death of King Lear and his three daughters. Falstaff: 福斯塔夫a) He’s character in Henry IV and in Henry V. He is a very plicated character. b) He is a feudal knight by origin but he has no estates and bees a parasite and adventurer. c) He is fat , old , ugly, gross and guilty of many sins. d) He is treacherous, selfish and cynical e) He is the product of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. 12. Henry Va) symbol of Shakespeare’s ideal kingship. b) Budding statesman in Henry IV by Shakespeare. c) coolheaded and strong –willed d) wise and farsighted.:a) Long poems: 1) Venus Adonis 2) The Rape of Lucrece b) sonnet sequence: 1) Theme : truth , kindness and beauty.2)Characters: handsome young man , dark lady of Shakespeare’s works:a)Founder of realism in world literature. b) He used the method of adaptation. c) He is a master hand. d) He is skilled in many poetic forms (sonnet couplet, blank verse and he invented “runon” blank verse ) e) Great master of English language. ’s successes( achievements) in drama: a) progressive significance of his themes . b ) successful character portrayal. c) master hand in constructing plays. d) the ingenuity of his poetry e) mastery of English language. women characters: a )He is good at drawing women characters. b) A lovely woman and more intellectual than a man Portia (Merchant of Venice), Rosalind (As You Like It), Isabella( Measure for Measure), Helena(All’s Well That Ends Well). c) His heroines are all intelligent, warmhearted and generous.: Fool (King Lear), drunken porter (Macbeth) , gravedigger (Hamlet) is also a great prose writer. II. Prose 1. In 1611 , the Bible was translated into English from Latin. Authorized version, or King Jame’s Bible is the triumph of Elizabethan prose.2. The most important prose writer is Bacon. He is the first English essayist. His works : New Instrument, Advancement of Learning (58 essays) Marx called him “ the real father of English materialism and experimental science of modern times”. His style is neat, precise, weighty ,brief and clear. 3. The best p