【正文】 music ,but he chose to major in accounting.Subordination: Although Tony is very gifted in music, he chose to major in accounting.Types of subordinationA nominal clause: a nominal clause is a dependent clause functioning as a noun.Why your father es here is a mystery to me.B relative clauses: I like the dog that\which is chasing a catC adverbial clausesFunctions of subordination A more informationB emphasis: to sum up, subordination can add more information to a sentence, and more importantly, it can give special emphasis to part of the sentence.Effective use of subordinationA position of the subordinate clauseB simplified subordinationUnit 9 Sentence VarietyWays to achieve sentence variety1By varying the length A short sentence: emphatic, suitable for the presentation of important facts and ideas.B long sentence: capable of expressing plex ideas with precision 。 suitable for the explanation of views and theories, or the description of things with many details.2 By varying the pattern: by sentence patterns, we mean sentence of different functions and structuresA Avoid strings of brief and simple sentenceB Avoid too many pound sentence.Sentence function: declarative .interrogative imperative exclamatoryGrammatical structure。 simple, pound, plex, poundplex3By varying the emphasis The first strategy for emphasisNatural emphasis position in English sentence 1 The end of a sentence is the most emphasis position。 the beginning the second 。 the middle the last.2 When we shift the order, we create a certain emphatic effect , other elements such as attributes and adverbials are usually placed close to what they modify.The second strategy。 by using emphatic patterns, like what…is…, it is…that…, there be… who\that…, do\verb, passive voice4 By varying the beginnerA subject: besides nouns and pronouns ,numerals, infinitives, ing participle and clause can also be used as subject .by using different kinds of subjects to begin sentences, we can also achieve sentence variety.B adverbial: besides beginning sentence with subject , we may also put adverb ,ly at the beginning and “to” beginners, prepositional phrase beginner, adj\adv phrase can all be used as subjects . this can also improve sentence variety. Unit 10 PunctuationCommon punctuation marks: the ma (,), the period (.), the semicolon (。), the colon (:), the question marks (?), the dash (), quotation marks (“”), the exclamation mark (!), parentheses (()), the slash(\), italics underling(_)Period: 1 use a period to show the end of sentence. 2 use a period after certain abbreviations.Comma: 1 Join short and closely related parallel sentence 2 in a pound sentence before the conjunction or connective 3 after an adverbials clause or phrase before the subject of the sentence 4nonerestrictive clauses and phrase are set off by mas 5 mas set off parenthetical elements 6 use a ma with quotation marks to show what someone has said directly 7 in the date, in the order Semicolons1 use a semicolon between independent clause not joined by coordinating conjunctionHis mother won’t let him。 she is afraid he might get hurt. 2 the semicolon is used to separate a series of items which containFor example, professor Zhao, Dean of the Normal College。 Mr., Han, editor inchief of the local evening paper. 3有些其聯系作用的副詞，如however, thus, otherwise, hence, nevertheless, besides, consequently 等等，不應該用作連詞來聯系并列句，他們之間應該用分號而不用逗號，此后用逗號。The invention brought him fame。 moreover, it brought him money.Colon1 uses a colon to introduce an explanation, a summary, an appositive, or a list of things.2 it is used after a plete statement when introducing a list.常用錯誤，在英語中例如一類的詞后常用逗號代替冒號。Quotation1 the period and the ma always e inside the quotation marks.2 the semicolon and the colon always e outside the quotation marks.3use it to enclose the titles of essays, articles, short stores, short poems, chapters…