寫作教程總結(jié)(已修改)
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【正文】 Unit 1 the Correct WordFocusDenotation and Connotation1. Denotation refers to the literal and primary meaning of a wordthe definition you find in a dictionary.2. Connotation refers to the implied or suggested meaning of a word.We can list some words to pare its different meaning of denotation and connotation.WordDenotationConnotationSentence(connotation)goldA kind of material source Expensive, money wealthGold now is very expensive.moonThe natural body that moves around the earth once 28 days.Beauty lonely, coldness ,purity, tranquilityMany years past she still keep a charity like the moon.iceWater frozen so that it has bee solid.Coldness, indifference cruelty, death, etcThe ice in his voice was only to hide the pain.bloodRed liquid flowing through the bodies of human or animalRelationship, death, descent ,race, temperament Blood is thick than water.winterA seasonColdness, tired ,upsetPlease walk out you winter of life , just smile to your life.Attitude: when we write in English, we have to be careful with some emotionally loaded . words that can reveal the writer’s attitude. We can divide the words attitude into three parts: 1mendatory\positive 2neutral 3derogatory\pejorativeCommendatoryNeutralPejorativequaintstrangebizarrepersiststubbornpigheadedplimentpraiseflatteringSenior citizenOld personfossilBachelor girlSingle girlspinsterCollocation: fixed bination of wordsThere are several types of collocation: +N(follow the fashion) 2. A+N(a brilliant success) +AD(think alike) +N(the answer to a question) 5. V+PREP(think of an idea)False FriendsAdvise(v) vs. advice(n) angel （天使）vs. angle（角度）capital（首都，資金）vs. capitol（國(guó)會(huì)大廈）Complement（補(bǔ)充） vs. pliment （稱贊）credible（可信的，確實(shí)的） vs. credulous（輕信的，易受騙的） get knowledge(t) vs. learn knowledge(f)GrammarSubjectVerb agreement1when the subject is poundWork and play are equally important.Ham and eggs is my favorite breakfast.(1)由and或both…and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果作主語(yǔ)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)不是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，而是表示單數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；and與each等限定詞時(shí)，隨后動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)由neither…nor not only…but also連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，隨后動(dòng)詞形式常遵循就近原則。(3)主語(yǔ)后用along with, together with引導(dǎo)等詞組，動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)主語(yǔ)形式而定。2When the subject expresses quantity(1)有many a等限定詞，其后動(dòng)詞形式為單數(shù)(2)a pair, heap of 后動(dòng)詞多接單數(shù)形式3when the subject is a relative pronoun, a whatclause, or in the therebe structure(1)以nominal clause 作主語(yǔ)，隨后動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)(2)relative clause 中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常以關(guān)系代詞先行項(xiàng)的形式而定(3)there be 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所后的Unit2 The Appropriate WordFocusStyle: in English, words can be, roughly, formal , general, colloquial, and slang in terms of style. Formal and generalFormal words are not as mon as general words, which form the basis of the vocabulary and are used for everyday munication.formalgeneralfracturebreaklucidclearterminateendcorpulentfatfacilitateMake easyverifyproveconcuragreeNotice: a mon belief among students is that formality is a virtue, but the best policy is to use general words in most cases and formal words in specific, formal contexts .Colloquial and slangWell, now, you know, I’d like to say, oh, may god, I think….which can be used in colloquial, and contraction and abbreviation also can be used. But in some formal constitution we’d better not use it. Notice : the colloquial style takes a less prominent role, therefore, for most writing tasks, it may not be ideal. Too much slang can make a passage loose and unserious。 some may even sound odd.Style and audienceThe formal style is characterized by extensive vocabulary, frequent use of formal and abstract words, absence of slang and almost no contraction or clipped words.The informal style is characterized by vocabularies ranging from formal to colloquial but mostly general, and occasional and clipped words.Different style are used to address different audiences and on different occasions.Chinglish: it refers to the unidiomatic use of English by Chinese speakerAvoid literal translat
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