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獸醫(yī)生理學(xué)第一講代謝metabolism與生物能量學(xué)-資料下載頁(yè)

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【正文】 xpression of EGF receptors. 二 。 Clinical Review amp。 mandibular gland: ranula(cyst) gland: superficial injury deficiency human mumps virus?cat, dog 第五講 反芻胃生理學(xué) (Ruminant Stomach) (參考:獸醫(yī)解剖生理學(xué) (中 ) ) 一 。 生理活性 (physiological activity) (一 )內(nèi)部構(gòu)造與運(yùn)動(dòng) (motility) 、 上皮 、 肌柱 activity; reticulorumen motility groove closure reflex movement secretion (二 )微環(huán)境 (microenvironment) forces 、上皮 、肌柱、乳頭 胃壁 : 混合食團(tuán)有助微生物發(fā)酵作用 排除噯氣 協(xié)助反流 上皮 : 保護(hù) (以角化層防備粗糙纖維 ) 代謝 (VFA) 吸收 (VFA 、 Na+、 K+、 NH3及尿素 ) 肌柱 : 調(diào)節(jié)牆 (穩(wěn)定內(nèi)容物 ) 協(xié)助胃囊收縮與食團(tuán)環(huán)流 劃分 內(nèi)容物而 有助微生物發(fā)酵 乳頭 : 增加瘤胃內(nèi)襯表面積 有助吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng) activity 收縮周期 : 最初是蜂巢胃連續(xù)收縮兩次 …… 收縮周期 : 最初先有一早發(fā)性蜂巢胃收縮發(fā)生於 規(guī)則的蜂巢胃收縮之前 …… 收縮周期 : 最初與主體運(yùn)動(dòng)中的瘤胃背囊收縮期 銜接 …… ※ 甲烷與二氧化碳 groove closure reflex 始自賁門而終於蜂重孔 目的 : 保護(hù)幼獸 ,避免下痢 movement 收縮周期 : 當(dāng)主體運(yùn)動(dòng)中的第二次蜂巢胃收縮的 高潮 ,蜂重孔開放 …… secretion 構(gòu)造 : 壁細(xì)胞 (HCl)、主細(xì)胞 (rennin) 其他重要相關(guān)物質(zhì) : gastrin 、 (gastric) proteinase (二 )微環(huán)境 (microenvironment) forces: microbial ecosystem 。 ruminant stomach motility and metabolites: ethanol, butanol 。 VFA(acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid ) 。 NVFA(lactic acid, oxaloacetic acid, succinic acid) 。 CO2 , glycerol 。 saliva (,7880)。 protein regeneration cycle(氨 → 尿素 → 蛋白質(zhì) → 氨基酸 → 尿素 ) (三 )The microbial ecosystem of fermentative digestion: microbes responsible for fermentative digestion include: bacteria, fungus and protozoa cell walls are important substrates for fermentative digestion and important nutrient sources for many species: plant cell walls vs. connective tissue of animal cellulose vs. collagen hemicellulose / pectin / lignin (cement the cellulose) vs. hyaluronic acid / chondroitin sulfate (cement the connective tissue) (四 ) Reticulum motility and the maintenance of the rumen environment Several requirements that must be met by the host for proper fermentation to occur: (37℃ ) strength (osmolality, 300 mosm) oxidation – reduction potential (250 to 450 mV) waste (solid material) must be removed of removable of microbes vs. the regeneration times of the favorable microbes products of anaerobic fermentation (VFA) must be buffered or removed 二 。 Gravity and reticulorumen motility bine to create the selective flow of particulate matter out of the rumen. Rumen ingesta are stratified and segregated: (1) created by Gravity: gas cap / solid zone / slurry zone / liquid zone (dorsal rumen) (fermenting forage) (2) created by the Motility: ejection zone / zone of potential escape (constitute the dorsal amp。 ventral areas of the reticulum amp。 cranial sac) 三 。 Fuctional specific gravity (FSG)determines the rate at which particulate matter (solid) moves through the zones of the reticulorumem. initial: the FSG of bolus< 1 → floats in the ejection zone; until a reticulum contraction → into the solid zone. then: bacteria adhered to the forage particle + fermentation final: during contraction of the cranial sac → reticulum ; exit the rumen through the reticuloomasal orifice. Rumination (cud chewing) particle size reduction the movement of solid material through the rumen Regurgitated material (for remasticatin) es from the dorsal portion of the reticulum particle size amp。 FSG that are characteristic of the slurry zone ( not the coarsest material in the rumen ) 四 。 Clinical Review ruminitis indigestion plex
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