【正文】
erous benefits, “is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity.” Second, social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to lice on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case of disability. (62)People suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferential treatment by the social security service pared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses. Yet, the stranglehold which work has had on the social security service has been increasingly loosened over the years. The provision of family allowances, family ine supplements, the slight liberalization of the wages stop are some of the manifestations of this trend. (63)Similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupational disability by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability. It is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and nonoccupational disability is artificial for many nonoccupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if they do not occur directly in the workplace. (64)There is also the additional reason which we mentioned in the argument for one benefit for all oneparent families, that a modern social security service must concentrate on meeting needs irrespective of the cause behind such needs. The relationship between social security and work is not all a oneway affair. (65)It is true that until very recently the general view was that social security “represented a type of luxury and was essentially antieconomic.” It was seen as merely government expenditure for the needy. As we saw, however, redundancy payments and earningsrelated unemployment benefits have been used with some success by employers and the government to reduce workers’ opposition towards loss of their jobs. Section V Writing 66. Directions: [A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN [B] Word limit: 160200 words [C] Your position should be based on the OUTLINE below [D] Your position must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) OUTLINE: 1. Present situation: Lack of munication between parents and children 2. Possible reasons: 1) Different likes and dislikes 2) Misunderstanding 3) Others 3. Suggestions: 1) For parents 2) For children Section I Structure and Vocabulary 15 BAACB 610 ACDCD 1115 ABBCC 1620 DDABA 1. B 考查名詞辨析?! ?. A 考查介詞搭配。短語in debt和介詞to構(gòu)成搭配,表示“欠……債”。句子譯文:我不想再借錢給他。他已經(jīng)欠我的債了?! ?. A 考查hardly…when結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝形式。 4. 正確答案為C項(xiàng)。本題考查名詞insistence的用法。按照該詞的要求,其后的同位語從句謂語動(dòng)詞使用should+原形,should可以省略。在本句中,動(dòng)詞analyze和主語it(指AfroAmerican poetry)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子譯文:“讓瓦格納對美國黑人詩歌研究最長遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)是,他堅(jiān)決主張既要用世俗的觀點(diǎn)又要用宗教的觀點(diǎn)分析美國黑人詩歌。” 5. 正確答案為B項(xiàng)。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝形式。規(guī)則為:從句結(jié)尾的詞置于句首。句子譯文:“盡管家很簡陋,但無論他走到哪里,也找不到像家這樣的地方。” 6. 正確答案為A項(xiàng)??疾榻樵~詞組。詞組in the way表示“妨礙”。by the way表示“順便說一聲”。off the way表示“離開道路”。on the way表示“在路上”。根據(jù)語境,此處應(yīng)選擇in the way。句子譯文:盡管他認(rèn)為他在幫我們做飯,實(shí)際上他礙手礙腳。 7. 正確答案為C項(xiàng)??疾楦痹~短語。短語put up表示“舉起”、“建造”等。keep up表示“繼續(xù)”、“堅(jiān)持”。stand up to表示“經(jīng)得起,頂?shù)米 ?、“勇敢地面對”。look up to表示“尊敬”。句子譯文:盡管假鈔蒙蔽了許多人,但它們卻經(jīng)不起仔細(xì)檢查?! ?. 正確答案為D項(xiàng)。由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的形容詞lost和介詞to搭配,表示“對……沒有感覺的”。在lost之前也可以加being,但是要注意語序,應(yīng)表達(dá)為being pletely lost。句子譯文:“安娜在讀一本科幻小說,完全忽略了外面的世界?!薄 ?. 正確答案為C項(xiàng)?! ?0. 正確答案為D項(xiàng)。動(dòng)詞expect之后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,當(dāng)然也可以接賓語從句。本句既可以說The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exam.,也可以說The students expected there would be more reviewing classes before the final :“學(xué)生們希望在期末考試前有更多的復(fù)習(xí)課?!薄 ?1. 正確答案為A項(xiàng)??疾閯?dòng)詞辨析?! ?2. 正確答案為B項(xiàng)??疾楦痹~短語。短語look up表示“查閱”。go over表示“仔細(xì)查看,檢查”、“復(fù)習(xí)”。dwell on表示“詳述”、“老是想著”。work out表示“制定出”、“解決”。譯文:你可以把這篇文章檢查一遍,看是否有打印錯(cuò)誤嗎? 13. 正確答案為B項(xiàng)。考查形容詞辨析。形容詞unusual表示“異乎尋常的”。unique表示“獨(dú)一無二的”。rare表示“稀有的,罕見的”。singular表示“奇特的”。根據(jù)題干后半部分的提示,強(qiáng)調(diào)唯一性,應(yīng)選unique。句子譯文:這本相冊與眾不同,因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ豢偨y(tǒng)曾簽過名的相冊?! ?4. 正確答案為C項(xiàng)。本題考查either…or…,A項(xiàng)的neither…nor…雖然本身是正確的,但是與題意不符。句子譯文:沃德教授幾乎從未去過電影院和劇場。 15. 正確答案為C項(xiàng)。本題考查不定式作主語的補(bǔ)足語,而且表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,應(yīng)使用不定式的完成時(shí)。句子譯文:“據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙報(bào)道,昨天在光天化日之下該銀行遭到搶劫?!薄 ?6. 正確答案為D項(xiàng)。祈使句表示條件,然后由and引出結(jié)果。句子譯文:如果和醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的任何人交談,你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),基因科學(xué)是自青霉素發(fā)明以來對醫(yī)藥研究影響最大的東西?! ?7. 正確答案為D項(xiàng)?! ?8. 正確答案為A項(xiàng)?! ?9. 正確答案為B項(xiàng)。形容詞operative表示“操作的,起作用的”。valid表示“有法律效力的”,如a valid contract具有法律效力的合同,a valid air ticket有效機(jī)票。efficient表示“有效率的”。effective表示“有效果的”。句子譯文:如果沒有有效的護(hù)照,游客就不能進(jìn)入一個(gè)國家?! ?0. 正確答案為A項(xiàng)。 Section II Use of English 文章總體分析 本文主要介紹了默讀在歷史上的發(fā)展演變過程,突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景。第一段是總述,指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古典學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為。中世紀(jì)時(shí)期閱讀是指大聲朗讀,一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行。第二、三、四段是分述,段落之間是并列關(guān)系。第二段介紹了上個(gè)世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展,第三段講的是接近20世紀(jì)末閱讀的發(fā)展情況,第四段講20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀?! 〈鸢附馕觥 ?1. 選[C]??疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接。本題要求填入一個(gè)形容詞,可以利用上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)這一技巧。During the fifteenth century就是所填詞的下義詞,即15世紀(jì)。它既不屬于contemporary,也不屬于modern world。而[D]western則與本文主題無關(guān)。只有[C] medieval“中世紀(jì)的”,指14到16世紀(jì)之間,包括了15世紀(jì)。 22. 選[A]??疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與副詞的詞義辨析。所填副詞修飾動(dòng)詞meant。文章第一句開篇明義,默讀是一種現(xiàn)代社會(huì)行為,古代學(xué)者根本不知默讀為何物。很顯然,這一句中強(qiáng)調(diào)讀書指的就是大聲朗讀,因此選[A] undoubtedly“毋庸置疑地,肯定地”,強(qiáng)調(diào)完全真實(shí)或是確實(shí)存在。[B]really“確實(shí)地,真正地”,與此處語氣不符。[C] absolutely“完全地,絕對地”。[D] accordingly“相應(yīng)地”。 23. 選[D]??疾樾谓~辨析。所填詞的邏輯主語是one,指人,賓語是that從句,從that從句可推斷空格處要表達(dá)“認(rèn)為,想象”的意思,因此排除[B] consuming“消費(fèi)”和[C] resuming“再繼續(xù),恢復(fù)”。[D] assuming“想,假想”,指為論證提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè),很少甚至無根據(jù)的心理推測,[A] imagining指隨意或在腦海中構(gòu)成清晰明確的圖像,此處顯然是assuming符合?! ?4. 選[B]??疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與名詞辨析。本題要求填入一個(gè)名詞來判斷大聲閱讀對他人的影響。我們從文章的第二段的末尾開始倒讀,在第二段的末尾同樣談到了大聲閱讀對他人的影響,此處的用詞是distraction,因此選復(fù)現(xiàn)的原詞[B]。[A] interruption“打斷,中止”,指的是瞬間行為使別人中斷做某事,reading顯然是一段時(shí)間的行為。[C] bother“麻煩,不便”,往往指“麻煩他人做某事”。[D] pressure“壓力”?! ?5. 選[A]??疾樾谓~辨析。本題需填入一個(gè)形容詞來表示“歷史發(fā)展”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是同根詞,都與歷史有關(guān)[A] historical“歷史上的,歷史記載的”。[B] historic“(歷史上)著名的,重要的”。[C] history“歷史,歷史學(xué)”。[D] historian“歷史學(xué)家”。文章中主要表示客觀的歷史的發(fā)展,因此選[A]?! ?6. 選[B]??疾槊~辨析。所填詞表達(dá)閱讀任務(wù)本身在……方面的改變,是對閱讀這一任務(wù)的修飾或指代,因此排除[A] quality“(人的)品德,品性。(事物的)品質(zhì),質(zhì)量”,不能用來修飾默讀的品質(zhì),同時(shí)排除[C] personality“(