【正文】 functions to one series, for example, through extension of its modules multiple network cards and smart structures, such as the interface with RS232/RS422 form. The formation of a multilayered network, the largest number up to 100 Taiwan as Taiwan networking. Using UTP, coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, and other transmission medium, a puter card adapters, modules or module with higher plane connectivity and exchange of information. At the same time can use the module level of network mobility, a flexible Zuwangfangshi for the formation of a multiTaiwan elevator control system provided technical basis.3. PLC control systemPLC control system based on the two different types of elevators : against manufacturers design control systems。 In response to the transformation of the elevator. The first form of control systems use board structure, with many fans either digital control, or position of the matrix display system information, in order not to affect the original control system safety performance, the board needs to show that information into PV modules can transmit variables, according to information on the content of variables Fusil, the use of a second form of control. For the second, the network functions as a direct use of the system control module, for example, Omron Corporation C200H series products, both using as a control ponents, and to use its network monitoring functions for data transmission system. And the development of the latter39。s use of very small, great waste of resources. Construction of the control system based on the following :(1) According to the number and location of the lift and the owners have the right to choose the form of a network conditions, and then proceed to network.(2) Required to prepare the necessary procedures (without some form of network programming), the monitoring and collection of data stored in a designated area for higher plane and other visits.(3) Failure to carry out realtime monitoring, interrupted by elevator breakdowns as sources when door locks circuit accidents break apart, doors hours overtime。 Various spacing switches unusual, various protection switch unusual, security, causing circuit break apart, the abnormal state of driven, location information errors。 Such failures occur with abnormal Gate, interrupted by a request elevator failures, higher plane response, the failure to collect information, Al aircraft control system by a corresponding failure report, and then by the preset automatic procedures for maintenance personnel.(4) The time and frequency of operation, as the work of information regularly in fixed time (network yet) upward spaces machine transmission.(5) In almost puter, preparing Zhuchengxu and software used Zutai state simulation prominently displayed failure types and failure. Production database information to plete work, such as the breakdown for statistical, analysis, production statements, and other print work.基于PLC的電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)電梯生產(chǎn)廠家的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)都是自主開發(fā)的，只能用于本廠產(chǎn)品，并且價格昂貴。另外，隨著電梯技術(shù)的不斷推陳出新，其拖動和控制技術(shù)的淘汰速度也加快，許多舊型號的電梯面臨著技術(shù)的改造，常見的改造方式是用變頻調(diào)速取代調(diào)壓調(diào)速和變極調(diào)速。用PLC取代繼電器控制系統(tǒng)。這些改造為電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的控制部件提供了更大的空間,基于PLC的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)尤為適合電梯的改造。 1. 電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)要求既能監(jiān)控電梯又能完成日常管理，從模塊功能上可分為；故障時電梯狀態(tài)；每個周期的數(shù)據(jù)匯總；日常管理信息。電梯在運行時有大量信息需要監(jiān)測，粗略分類有：開門限位開關(guān)、關(guān)門限位開關(guān)、安全觸板、光幕保護、廳門鎖回路、轎門鎖回路；安全回路、緊急停車回路、極限開關(guān)、限位開關(guān)狀態(tài)；驅(qū)動信息、呼梯位置信息、抱閘狀態(tài)；運行時間、次數(shù)、年檢時間、維修歷史等。對電梯的監(jiān)控可以使故障一覽無余。眾所周知，門系統(tǒng)是電梯故障多發(fā)部件，電梯發(fā)生故障停車前總會有一些小故障頻繁發(fā)生，但這些小故障常常被忽略，因為它們不會造成電梯停運。以廳門鎖和門刀間隙調(diào)整不當為例，載荷不均勻情況下運行，會發(fā)生門刀與開門輪碰撞的可能，導致電梯緊急停車，但因為電梯的自校正功能，電梯會在幾分鐘內(nèi)自動恢復正常。這類故障隨機性很強，所以經(jīng)常不被注意，特別是自動運行的電梯。但隨著小故障的累積終究會釀成大故障甚至事故。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)不會漏掉這些故障，甚至能定位發(fā)生故障的層樓，從而節(jié)省檢修人員查找故障點的時間，在出現(xiàn)故障時，各類信息的收集將有助于故障的判斷和事故的預防。只要進行針對性的設(shè)置，所有需要的信息都可以采集到。對于管理人員需要的統(tǒng)計內(nèi)容，監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)分門別類的匯總出不同的數(shù)據(jù)，諸如判別電梯的運行狀態(tài)，主要通過故障率來判斷，而故障率常用一段運行周期內(nèi)出現(xiàn)故障的次數(shù)來計算，不同的建筑內(nèi)和不同用途電梯的運行次數(shù)和運行時間差異很大，很難用這種故障率作為衡量電梯運行狀態(tài)的依據(jù)。而用運行時間或運行次數(shù)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)故障的多少來衡量，則能完成對運行狀態(tài)的判別。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)可以準確地統(tǒng)計到電梯的工作時間、運行次數(shù)等數(shù)據(jù)，解決這一問題就容易多了。日常管理信息包括年檢時間、維修費用、配件使用等。上述信息在基于為控制單元的系統(tǒng)中非常容易收集和傳輸，它們有的是開關(guān)量，有的是控制程序用于計算和比較的內(nèi)部變量。只要加裝簡單的特定模塊，既可利用的網(wǎng)絡功能完成現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)的采集和傳輸工作。2. PLC聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能的介紹具有很強的聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能，以1系列為例，它可以通過適配卡和智能模塊組成多重網(wǎng)絡結(jié)構(gòu)，提供RS232/RS422等接口形式。組成多層次的網(wǎng)絡，最多聯(lián)網(wǎng)臺數(shù)可達100臺之多。利用雙絞線、同軸電纜、光纖電纜等傳輸媒質(zhì)，以計算機適配卡、模塊或模塊與上位機聯(lián)接和交換信息。同時又可以用模塊在層次上進性組網(wǎng)，具有靈活的組網(wǎng)方式，為組成多臺電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)提供了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。3. 基于PLC的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)基于PLC的電梯監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有2種形式：針對生產(chǎn)廠家設(shè)計的控制系統(tǒng)；針對用于改造的電梯。第一種形式的控制系統(tǒng)多采用板結(jié)構(gòu)，板上設(shè)有許多七段數(shù)碼管，或組成的矩陣顯示系統(tǒng)信息，為了不影響原控制系統(tǒng)的安全性能，需要把板上顯示信息用光電元件轉(zhuǎn)換成可傳遞的變量，再根據(jù)信息所代表的內(nèi)容對變量賦值，利用第二種形式進行監(jiān)控。對于第二種，直接選用有網(wǎng)絡功能的作為系統(tǒng)的控制單元，例如OMRON公司的C200H等系列產(chǎn)品，既利用其作為控制元件，又利用其網(wǎng)絡功能為監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。而現(xiàn)今對后者的開發(fā)利用非常少，資源浪費很大。基于的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造如下：（1）根據(jù)電梯數(shù)量和位置以及業(yè)主具有的條件選擇合適的網(wǎng)絡形式，然后進行組網(wǎng)。（2）需要時編制必要的程序（有的網(wǎng)絡形式下不需編程），把監(jiān)控和收集的數(shù)據(jù)存放于指定的區(qū)域內(nèi)供上位機和其他訪問。（3）對故障進行實時監(jiān)控，由電梯故障作為中斷源，當門鎖回路意外斷開、門時間超時；各類限位開關(guān)異常、各類保護開關(guān)異常、安全、急?；芈窋嚅_、驅(qū)動狀態(tài)異常、位置信息錯誤；抱閘異常等故障發(fā)生時，由故障電梯發(fā)出中斷請求，上位機響應后，收集故障信息，由上位機的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)作出相應的故障報告，然后按預先設(shè)定的程序自動派人維修。（4）對于像運行時間和次數(shù)等通用工作信息，定時在固定時間（網(wǎng)絡閑時）向上位機傳輸。（5）在上位計算機上，編制主程序，同時用組態(tài)軟件進行狀態(tài)模擬，醒目地顯示故障類型和故障點。制作數(shù)據(jù)庫完成對工作信息、故障等作統(tǒng)計、分析、制作報表、打印等工作。附 錄Ⅱ程序67